帮助自杀除罪化之证成  

Evidence of Helpful Suicide Decriminalization

作　　者：石易灵 SHI Yiling(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学,北京102488

出　　处：《中国人民警察大学学报》2024年第11期68-76,共9页Journal of China People's Police University

摘　　要：自杀是基于意志自由,自主决定结束生命的行为。自杀体现了法主体对生命法益的支配和处分自由,是一种无需刑法评价的放任行为。在尊重自主决定之前提下,若以父权主义思想解释刑法应干预自杀的问题,将极大限制个人自主决定的自由。对于自由负责的自主决定之判断:主观上应以承诺原则为准,判断被害人的自杀决定是否理性、清晰、自由;客观上应以死亡结果发生的最后时点风险的支配为标准。对于基于自由负责的自主决定,依照自我答责原理,不属于间接正犯和得承诺杀人情形的帮助自杀行为,不具备可罚性,因此,适度除罪化具有正当性。Suicide is an act based on free will,where an individual autonomously decides to end their life.It embodies the legal subject’s freedom to control and dispose of their life interests and is a permissive act that does not require criminal law evaluation.Under the premise of respecting autonomous decisions,interpreting criminal law intervention in suicide through a paternalistic ideology would significantly restrict individual autonomy.The judg-ment of an autonomous decision made with free responsibility should be subjectively guided by the principle of consent,assessing whether the victim’s decision to commit suicide is rational,clear,and free.Objectively,it should be based on the standard of risk domination at the final moment when the death outcome occurs.For acts of assisted suicide that are based on autonomous decisions made with free responsibility and do not constitute indirect perpetration or consented homicide according to the principle of self-responsibility,they lack culpability,and thus,moderate decriminalization is justifiable.

关 键 词：帮助自杀 自主决定 故意杀人 间接正犯 自我答责 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]