一种基于区块链的众包激励机制  

A blockchain-based crowdsourcing incentive mechanism

作　　者：杨松 王馨茹 李凡[1] 祝烈煌[2] 赵博[3] YANG Song;WANG Xin-ru;LI Fan;ZHU Lie-huang;ZHAO Bo(School of Computer Science&Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;School of Cyberspace Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学计算机学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学网络空间安全学院,北京100081 [3]信息工程大学,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《计算机工程与科学》2024年第11期1960-1970,共11页Computer Engineering & Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3107300);国家自然科学基金(62172038,62372045,62072040,62232002)。

摘　　要：众包指利用群体智能来收集、处理、推断和确定大量有用信息,在服务评分、调查问卷、投票以及工业物联网领域都具有巨大的潜力。众包系统涉及3个利益相关者:平台、工人和任务发布者。传统的众包系统是激励不相容的,同时由于缺乏信任,任务发布者和工人之间传输的所有数据都需要远程中心化平台充当信用中介,这意味着会造成网络拥塞、隐私泄露等问题。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于信任值的众包激励机制,包括了一种众包工人的“奖励-惩罚”模型、任务发布者与主节点间的佣金机制以及主节点间资源置换囚徒困境的智能合约方案。通过在边缘环境的主节点上构建智能合约,实现上述多方激励机制。通过闪电网络的链下交易实施办法构建低成本的实时海量交易通道,解决了主节点与工人间的信任问题和交易效率问题。最后,通过多维度对比仿真实验,验证了提出的众包激励机制及其实施办法的有效性。Crowdsourcing refers to the utilization of collective intelligence to collect,process,infer,and determine a vast amount of useful information,holding significant potential in areas such as service ratings,surveys,voting,and the industrial Internet of Things.A crowdsourcing system involves three stakeholders:the platform,workers,and task requesters.Traditional crowdsourcing systems are incentive-incompatible,and due to a lack of trust,all data transmitted between requesters and workers requires a remote centralized platform to act as a credit intermediary,which implies issues such as network congestion and privacy breaches.To address these issues,this paper proposes a trust-based crowdsourcing incentive mechanism,encompassing a“reward-penalty”model for crowdsourcing workers,a commission mechanism between requesters and master nodes,and a smart contract solution for the prisoner s dilemma of resource exchange among master nodes.This multi-party incentive mechanism is realized by constructing smart contracts on master nodes in an edge environment.A low-cost,real-time,and high-volume transaction channel is established through the off-chain transaction implementation of the lightning network,solving the trust issues and transaction efficiency problems between master nodes and workers.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed crowdsourcing incentive mechanism and its implementation approach is verified through multi-dimensional comparative simulation experiments.

关 键 词：区块链 众包 激励机制 信任值 

分 类 号：TP393.2[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]