基于FISH和GISH技术的芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Chromosome Sets Characteristics of Sesame Cultivated Species and Wild Species Based on FISH and GISH Technologies

作　　者：马琴[1,2] 赵瑞红 琚铭[1,2] 陈成彬 段迎辉[1,2] 杨伟飞 苗红梅[1,2] 张海洋[1,2] MA Qin;ZHAO Ruihong;JU Ming;CHEN Chengbin;DUAN Yinghui;YANG Weifei;MIAO Hongmei;ZHANG Haiyang(Sesame Research Center,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Food and Bioengineering,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省油料作物基因组学重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]河南牧业经济学院食品与生物工程学院,河南郑州450046 [4]南开大学生命科学学院,天津300071

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第10期48-53,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业(特色油料)产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);中原科学家工作室建设项目(214400510026);河南省重点研发专项(221111520400);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2022YQ11);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2024TD04);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2024ZC037)。

摘　　要：为揭示胡麻属物种进化特征,探究胡麻属基因组结构演变及物种进化,促进野生资源的开发利用,以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号和2n=26类型野生种S.alatum 3651为试验材料,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术对芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征进行分析。结果表明,芝麻栽培种和野生种均为2n=2x=26类型;rDNA-FISH杂交结果显示,栽培种的13对染色体中,3对染色体(第7、8、9对染色体)的短臂端部携带45S rDNA特异信号,显示为随体特异染色体;2对染色体(第5、11对染色体)的短臂携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于不同染色体上。野生种的13对染色体中,有2对染色体(第4、7对染色体)携带45S rDNA杂交信号,1对染色体(第4对染色体)携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于同一染色体不同位置,表明栽培种与野生种的染色体组特征差异较大。GISH杂交结果显示,分别以栽培种和野生种的基因组DNA作探针与自身染色体杂交,每条染色体上携带不同强弱的杂交信号,而与对方染色体杂交,均表现出极少的杂交信号。芝麻栽培种和野生种具有相同的染色体数目,但染色体rDNA数量、分布及其GISH信号均存在明显差异,说明栽培种和野生种亲缘关系较远。To reveal the evolutionary characteristics of Sesamum,explore the genome structure revolution and species evolution,and promote the development and utilization of wild resources,the cultivated species S.indicum(var.Yuzhi 11)and the 2n=26 type wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were used as experimental materials,fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and genome fluorescence in situ hybridization(GISH)techniques were used to analyze the chromosome sets characteristics of sesame cultivated species and wild species.The results showed that both the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)were 2n=2x=26 karyotype;the rDNA‑FISH hybridization results indicated that in the 13 pairs of chromosomes of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11,3 pairs of chromosomes(the 7th,8th and 9th pairs)had 45S rDNA‑specific signals at the short arm tips,which were displayed as satellite specific chromosome.At the same time,2 pairs of chromosomes(the 5th and 11th pairs)had 5S rDNA‑specific signals on the short arms,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on different chromosomes.In the wild species S.alatum(var.3651),2 pairs of chromosomes(the 4th and 7th pairs)carried 45S rDNA hybridization signals and 1 pair of chromosome(the 4th pair)carried 5S rDNA specific signals,with the 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA signals located on the same chromosome but at different positions.This indicated that there were significant differences in chromosome characteristics between the cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651).The GISH hybridization results showed that when using the genomic DNA of the cultivated species Yuzhi 11 and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)as probes for self‑hybridization,each chromosome carried hybridization signals of varying strengths,while hybridization with the other’s chromosomes showed very few hybridization signals.The cultivated species and the wild species S.alatum(var.3651)have the same number of chromosomes,but there are clear differences in the quantity,distribution of rDNA,an

关 键 词：芝麻 栽培种 野生种S.alatum 染色体组 rDNA 荧光原位杂交(FISH) 基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH) 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]