基于双基地阵元级数据融合的声源定位算法  

Source localization in bi-static sonar systems based on element-level data fusion

作　　者：李秀坤 王集[1,2,3] 于歌 LI Xiukun;WANG Ji;YU Ge(Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin 150001,China;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]海洋信息获取与安全工业和信息化部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),工业和信息化部,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2024年第10期2007-2013,共7页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(62201171);水声技术重点实验室稳定支持课题(JCKYS2021604SSJS006).

摘　　要：针对双基地声呐系统中,利用几何关系构建定位方程求解定位方式在多目标时存在定位模糊的现象,本文利用阵元级数据融合提出了一种目标定位算法。利用双基地系统中目标时延和方位的耦合关系,将接收数据近似地表示成广义方位估计的模型,实现对时延和方位的同时补偿,将定位问题转换为空间谱估计问题。通过添加虚拟源的方式改进了经典的最小方差无偏估计算法权值的计算方法,得到了旁瓣更低的增强型最小方差无偏估计算法,使得该算法在多目标情况下也不存在定位模糊现象,从而可以省去后续的数据关联等步骤。数值仿真结果表明:相比于基于方位估计的双基地定位算法,本文利用双基地阵元级数据融合提出的算法在单目标和双目标情况下获得了更高的定位精度,在一定信噪比条件下定位误差较经典方法低5 dB。数值仿真和分析展示了本文所提方法在双基地声呐中的应用潜力。In a bi-static system,sources localization algorithms that solve bi-static localization equation usually exhibit location ambiguity when multiple targets exist.To solve this problem,a target location algorithm based on element data fusion is proposed.The algorithm uses the correspondence between time and azimuth in bi-static system to approximate the received data into a generalized DOA estimation model,so as to realize simultaneous compensation of delay and azimuth and transform the localization problem into a spatial spectrum estimation problem.The weight of the minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR)algorithm is calculating adaptively by adding a virtual source,and side-lobes are suppressed by the adaptive weight.Thus,the algorithm does not exist location ambiguity in the case of multiple targets,thus eliminating the subsequent steps such as data association.The numerical simulation results show that compared with the classical algorithm,the proposed algorithm obtains higher positioning accuracy in the case of single target and two targets,and the positioning error is more than 5 dB lower than that of the classical method under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio.Numerical simulations and analyses demonstrate the application potential of the proposed method in bistatic sonar.

关 键 词：双基地声呐 声源定位算法 空间谱估计 数据融合 最小方差无偏估计算法 定位方程 旁瓣抑制 自适应加权 

分 类 号：TB566[交通运输工程—水声工程]