从语言返回经验——杜威古典实用主义经验论中“自然”的回归  

Returning Experience from Language:The Return of“Nature”in Dewey’s Classical Pragmatist Empiricism

作　　者：梁心怡 Liang Xinyi(School of Humanities,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学人文学院,北京102249

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2024年第6期73-84,共12页Tribune of Social Sciences

摘　　要：以皮尔士、詹姆斯与杜威为代表的美国古典实用主义哲学,在20世纪经历了学术声名与影响力方面的兴衰起伏,在80年代迎来了新实用主义的复兴。但是,罗蒂所代表的新实用主义虽然一定程度继承了实用主义的名号,但也深受分析哲学影响,打下了“语言转向”的烙印,因此有别于古典实用主义对“经验”的强调。事实上,在古典实用主义阶段,“语言”与“经验”的两条道路已经浮现。其中,杜威所持有的自然经验论以艺术经验为最完满的表达形式,呈现了“经验”传统中复杂的古今流变。杜威艺术美学思想的复兴不仅凸显了古典实用主义经验论的生命力,更启发了对“语言”“经验”与“自然”进行更具纵深性的理解。American classical pragmatic philosophy,represented by Pierce,James,and Dewey,experienced ups and downs in academic reputation and influence in the 20th century,and ushered in a revival of new pragmatism in the 1980s.However,although the new pragmatism represented by Rorty inherits the name of pragmatism to a certain extent,it is also deeply influenced by analytical philosophy and has left the mark of“language turn”,thus distinguishing it from classical pragmatism’s emphasis on“experience”.In fact,during the stage of classical pragmatism,the two paths of“language”and“experience”had already emerged.Among them,Dewey’s theory of natural experience takes artistic experience as the most complete form of expression,presenting the complex changes of the past and present in the tradition of“experience”.The revival of Dewey’s artistic aesthetics not only highlighted the vitality of classical pragmatism empiricism,but also inspired a deeper understanding of“language”,“experience”,and“nature”.

关 键 词：古典实用主义 杜威 自然 经验 

分 类 号：B712.51[哲学宗教—外国哲学]