“马刀侠瘿”论辨  

Discussion and Differentiation of“Madao Xiaying”

作　　者：李心机[1] LI Xinji(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250355

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2024年第6期749-753,共5页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘　　要：《金匮要略·血痹虚劳病脉证并治》中“马刀”不是“刀”,是古代“蚌”或“蛤”的名称。“马刀”首见于《神农本草经》,《别录》称“马蛤”。“马刀侠瘿”,侠与“挟”通;“瘿”是发生在颌下与颈部夹间或腋下浅表部位的“瘤”或“疙瘩”。“侠瘿”属动宾结构,表达瘿瘤处在被夹持的状态。“马刀”本是名词,在此是形容词,作“瘿”的定语且前置,表述“瘿”像“马刀”(蚌)为长椭圆形,有一定硬度。在现代话语体系中,“马刀侠瘿”是表述颌下与颈部之间或腋下浅表部位“蛤样包块”或“蚌样肿块”,此与现代医学中的“菜花样肿块”“腊肠样包块”在表达形式上类同。“Madao”in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber·Blood Impediment and Consumptive Disease:Pulses,Syndrome and Treatment is the name of ancient“clam”or“oyster”instead of“knife”.“Madao(Bivalvia et Mactridae)”first appears in the Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica.It is called“Mage”in the Separated Records Medica.In“Madao Xiaying”,Xia means clamping and“Ying”refers to the“tumor”or“lump”that occurs between the jaw and the neck or the superficial part of the armpit.“Xiaying”belongs to the verb-object structure,indicating that the tumor is in the state of being clamped.“Madao”is originally a noun,here it is an adjective,as the pre-attribute of“Ying”,indicating that“Ying”is like the oblong“Madao”(clam),with a certain hardness.In the modern discourse system,“Madao Xiaying”refers to the expression of“clam-like lump”or“mussel-like tumor”between the jaw and the neck or the superficial part of the armpit,which is similar to the expression form of“cauliflower-like mass”and“sausage-like lump”in modern medicine.

关 键 词：《金匮要略》 马刀 马刀侠瘿 马刀瘘 马疡 瘰疬 瘿瘤 观物取象 

分 类 号：R222.3[医药卫生—中医基础理论]