风险与挑战下的政策调适:基于中国食品安全监管体制变迁的研究  

Policy Adaptation under Risk and Challenge:A Study Based on the Transformation of China's Food Safety Regulatory System

作　　者：姜子莹 封凯栋[3] Jiang Ziying;Feng Kaidong(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005;School of Government,Peking University,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,厦门361005 [2]福建省社科研究基地厦门大学国家治理能力建设研究中心 [3]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100091

出　　处：《中国行政管理》2024年第9期100-109,共10页Chinese Public Administration

摘　　要：风险与挑战下的政策调适不同于常态下的政策调适,中国政府机构的政策调适又不同于西方政策过程理论所描述的模式。本文对中国食品安全监管体制在21世纪头十年的变迁过程展开分析,研究发现政府在风险挑战下发展出钟摆式的政策调适模式。通过在运动式治理和常规治理之间反复调整和磨合的过程,政府持续发现问题、分析问题和探索试错以寻找解决方案,从而推动常规机制改进。其中,运动式治理通过注意聚焦、问题加速暴露和放大、议题引导这三种效应来影响竞争性叙事,而竞争性叙事推动相关问题上升为政府的政策议题并为其提供叙事框架。本文尝试深化对政策调适模式的认识,重新理解运动式治理和常规治理的关系,从而为增强系统应对风险挑战的制度韧性和能力提供借鉴。The purpose of this article is to explore how the Chinese government promotes policy adaptation under risk and challenge. Drawing on the transformation of China's food safety regulatory system in the first decade of the 21st century,this article finds that the Chinese government has developed a pendulum-like pattern to promote policy adaptation under the challenge of risks:through the iterative process of adjusting and coordinating between mobilized governance and routine governance,the government continues to identify problems,analyze issues,and explore trial and error to find solutions,thereby driving improvements in routine mechanisms. Mobilized governance impacts competitive narratives through three effects:attention focus,exposure and amplification of problems,and issue guidance. Competitive narratives drive relevant issues to become policy agendas and provide a narrative framework,which constitutes an important external source of information for the government. This article seeks to deepen people's understanding of China's government policy adaptation pattern under risk and challenge,and to rethink the relationship between mobilized governance and routine governance in the process of policy change. This paper aims to provide references for promoting the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance,as well as enhancing institutional resilience and capacity of the system to cope with risk challenges.

关 键 词：政策过程 政策变迁 政策调适 运动式治理 食品安全监管 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]