大数据热潮中被冷落的“第三数据”:以制造业为例  

The neglected“Third Data”in the big data boom:Taking the manufacturing industry as an example

作　　者：党延忠[1] 胡德强 徐照光 DANG Yan-zhong;HU De-qiang;XU Zhao-guang(Institute of Systems Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学系统工程研究所,大连116024

出　　处：《管理科学学报》2024年第9期1-10,共10页Journal of Management Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72231010,72001034,71871041)。

摘　　要：在大数据研究风起云涌的当下,有一类非常重要、非常有价值的数据却被冷落了,这就是本研究提出的“第三数据”.第三数据是在问题处理过程中,由问题处理人员产生的具有主观特性的数据,其中蕴含着密度极大的问题处理的经验性知识,是明确问题、分析问题和解决问题不可或缺的重要知识资源.本研究界定了第三数据的概念,讨论了第三数据的特点、来源.解析了从实践到经验再到数据的第三数据生成过程,提出了第三数据的五星螺旋模型.实际案例分析表明,第三数据的开发利用具有降低成本、提高效益的巨大价值.本文还提出了针对第三数据进行深入研究所涉及的十个方面的课题.第三数据具有改造世界的内在属性,还具有问题驱动的普遍性,凡是存在问题的任何领域都以某种方式存在着第三数据.因此,第三数据的理论成果具有更为一般的普遍意义,不仅适用于制造业,也适用于服务业,即使在社会经济领域也具有普遍的适用性.At present,there is a very important and valuable data that has been neglected in the surging tide of big data research,which is the“Third Data”proposed in this paper.The Third Data is the data with subjective characteristics generated by problem handlers in the process of problem handling.The Third Data contains the empirical knowledge of problem handling with a great density,and is an indispensable knowledge resource for problem definition,problem analysis and problem solving.This paper defines the concept of the Third Data,and discusses the characteristics and sources of the Third Data.The generating process of the Third Data is analyzed through“practice-experience-data”and a five-star spiral model of Third Data is proposed.Actual case analysis shows that the exploitation and utilization of Third Data have significant value in reducing the cost and improving the benefit.This paper also puts forward ten topics related to the in-depth study of Third Data.The Third Data has the inherent property of transforming the world,as well as a problem-driven universality.Each aspect contains a problem related to Third Data in some way.Therefore,the theoretical results of Third Data have a more general and universal meaning,applicable not only to manufacturing industry but also to services,even in the social and economic fields.

关 键 词：大数据 第三数据 智能制造 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]