刑事辩护的正义逻辑  

The Logic of Justice in Criminal Defense

作　　者：王迎龙 WANG Yinglong(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《北京联合大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第6期66-74,共9页Journal of Beijing Union University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划“刑事诉讼法修改研究”(项目编号:24CXTD06);中国政法大学2023年教师科研启动项目“刑事政策与刑事诉讼规范的关系研究”(项目编号:10823428)。

摘　　要：刑事辩护对于司法公平正义的实现具有重要意义。刑事辩护具有三重正义逻辑:一是刑事辩护的实体正义逻辑。该逻辑以结果正义为导向,强调刑事辩护促进实体正义实现的功能,追求“不冤枉无辜者”的消极实体真实。二是刑事辩护的客观程序正义逻辑。该逻辑以过程正义为导向,关注刑事辩护程序本身是否具备正义要素,意在通过构建公正合理的诉讼程序实现实体正义,系一种“实质性程序正义”。三是刑事辩护的主观程序正义逻辑。该逻辑以诉讼参与者的主观感知为起点,强调刑事辩护对于个案正义感知度的提升作用,主张通过完善的刑事辩护程序增进参与者的正义感知,从而实现主观上的程序正义。只有系统厘清刑事辩护的正义逻辑这一基础理论“元问题”,才能有效回应我国刑事司法转型期间的实践需求,指引刑事辩护制度的发展完善。Criminal defense is of great significance for the realization of judicial fairness.Criminal defense has a triple logic of justice:the first is the substantive logic of justice.This logic is guided by outcome justice,emphasizing the function of criminal defense in promoting the realization of substantive justice,and pursuing the negative substantive truth of“not wrongly convicting the innocent”.The second is the objective procedural justice logic.This logic is guided by process justice and focuses on whether the criminal defense procedure itself has elements of justice,aiming to achieve substantive justice by constructing a fair and reasonable litigation procedure.The third is the subjective procedural justice logic.This logic takes the subjective perception of litigation participants as the starting point,emphasizing the role of criminal defense in enhancing the perception of justice in individual cases,and aims to enhance participants’perception of justice.Only by systematically clarifying the basic theoretical“meta problem”of the justice logic of criminal defense can we effectively respond to the practical needs of China’s criminal justice transformation and guide the development and improvement of the criminal defense.

关 键 词：刑事辩护 实体正义 客观程序正义 主观程序正义 值班律师 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学] D925.2[政治法律—法学]