不同活动情境下母亲词汇输入特征及其对儿童词汇发展的影响  

The Characteristics of Mother's Vocabulary Input across Activity Contexts and Its Impact on Children's Vocabulary Development

作　　者：张义宾[1,2] 周兢 ZHANG Yibin;ZHOU Jing(Institute of Brain and Education Innovation,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China;Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学脑科学与教育创新研究院,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2024年第11期40-50,共11页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于人工智能的汉语儿童语用发展评估与语用障碍诊断系统研究”(编号:24BYY119);上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“基于人工智能的汉语语言障碍儿童诊断系统研究”(编号:2023EYY004);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“基于人工智能的汉语儿童语言障碍评估系统建设”(编号:2023ECNU-YYJ046)。

摘　　要：语言学习的活动情境理论指出,儿童的语言学习嵌入在日常活动情境中。本研究基于这一理论,对汉语儿童与母亲在四种结构化情境下的互动情况进行了分析,发现活动情境、母亲语言特征以及儿童个体特征共同构成了影响汉语儿童词汇语义输入的环境系统。四种结构化活动情境共同推动母亲与儿童互动时产出更加丰富的词汇语义,但不同活动情境下母亲的词汇语义输入具有显著的差异;儿童的年龄和性别特征部分约束了母亲的语言输入特征;活动情境、儿童个体和母亲三个要素在推动儿童语义发展方面都有着不同的作用。研究同时发现,在互动过程中,母亲注重词汇输入的一致性、活动情境性和发展适宜性,但也存在回应敏感度低的问题。基于上述发现,本研究建议关注儿童语言发展的支持性环境系统,特别要营造高质量的结构化活动情境,并进一步提升母亲语言互动质量。The theory of language learning in vivo posits that children's language acquisition is embedded within everyday activity contexts.Based on this theory,this study analyzed the interaction between Chinese children and their mothers in four structured contexts and found that activity context,maternal language features,and individual characteristics of children collectively constitute an environmental system supporting lexical semantic input in Chinese children.The four structured activity contexts collectively promote richer vocabulary semantics during mother-child interactions,but there are significant differences across different activity contexts.The age and gender characteristics of children partially constrain maternal language input.Activity context,child,and mothers' input all play different roles in promoting children's lexical semantic development.The study also found that mothers emphasize the consistency,contextuality,and developmental appropriateness of language input during interactions but may also exhibit low responsiveness.Based on these findings,the study suggests focusing on supportive environmental systems for children's language development,particularly creating high-quality structured activity contexts,and further enhancing the quality of maternal language input.

关 键 词：活动情境理论 亲子互动 活动情境 结构化活动 

分 类 号：H193.1[语言文字—汉语]