星座构型筛选的改进几何定位方法  

Improved geometric positioning method with constellation configuration screening

作　　者：杨心语 曾祥远[1] 杜华军[2] 刘天赐 杨皓安 李杰 YANG Xinyu;ZENG Xiangyuan;DU Huajun;LIU Tianci;YANG Haoan;LI Jie(School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Intelligence Control,Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学自动化学院,北京100081 [2]北京航天自动控制研究所宇航智能控制技术全国重点实验室,北京100854

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第11期1979-1986,共8页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金(12222202)。

摘　　要：该文针对在轨卫星量测信息源的远距离定位问题,提出一种利用星座空间构型特性的n点透视(perspective-n-point,PnP)问题改进定位方法:从选取定位数据源出发,分析卫星几何构型对定位误差的影响,提取影响构型的主要参数,建立几何构型评价函数,评价星座构型的可用度。该文提出的PnP方法利用视场内构型筛选的星座卫星角度量测信息进行定位解算,筛选出受图像噪声影响较小的构型,提高定位解算精度,并通过仿真试验验证了筛选方法的有效性。该文研究结果可为远距离光学导航定位问题提供参考。[Objective] As the number of low earth orbit(LEO) satellites increases,the applicability of optical navigation technology,which uses these satellites as optical information sources,is continually improving.When three or more satellites are simultaneously observed within the optical field of view,the perspective-n-point(PnP) positioning method can be used for pose estimation and positioning.The PnP problem was initially used primarily for camera calibration.Currently the applications of the PnP problem have expanded to various engineering tasks,including simultaneous visual localization and mapping,spatial noncooperative target pose estimation,and the critical stages of rendezvous and docking.However,the PnP algorithm struggles with low positioning accuracy over long distances.Therefore,it is necessary to study the spatial geometric positioning problem when observing satellites at relative distances exceeding hundreds of kilometers.[Methods] This study begins by selecting positioning data sources and statistically investigating the impact of constellation configuration within the optical field of view on positioning errors.The relationships between the constellation area and positioning errors,the geometric angle and positioning errors,and the relationship between the orbit height distribution and positioning errors are analyzed.Through this analysis,the primary influencing indicators are identified as the area,angle,and distance indicators.The distance indicator,in particular,represents the three-dimensional information of the configuration,which cannot be characterized by position dilution of precision(PDOP).To unify the measurement space of each indicator,the indicators are normalized,and the entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of each indicator.An evaluation function for the constellation configuration is established to assess the configuration availability.The availability distribution is statistically analyzed to determine the evaluation criteria.Finally,using the calculated availability,co

关 键 词：星座构型 几何定位 多点透视问题 构型筛选 

分 类 号：TP391.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]