21世纪泰国中文教育现状及其“三元”驱动机制  

Present Situation of 21st Century Chinese Language Education in Thailand and Its“Three-Element”Driving Mechanism

作　　者：张婧[1] 吴应辉 ZHANG Jing;WU Ying-hui(College of Liberal Arts,Yuxi Normal University,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100;International Institute of Chinese Language Education,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]玉溪师范学院文学院,云南玉溪653100 [2]北京语言大学国际中文教育研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2024年第4期168-176,共9页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标课题“汉语国际传播动态数据库建设及发展监测研究”(项目编号:17ZDA306);国家语委“十四五”科研规划2022年度省部级重点项目(全球中文学习联盟专项)“服务全球中文学习平台的区域国别中文教育政策及市场开发策略研究”(项目编号:ZDI145-42)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：泰国是21世纪全球中文教育发展较好国家的典型案例。研究发现,泰国中文教育体系已趋于完备,中文教育深度融入国民教育各学段,形成从学前教育到高等教育、职业教育以及其他教育形式相补充的国家中文教育体系,呈现出体系化、多元化、低龄化、职业化、大众化等发展特征,并逐渐迈向“提质增效”的良性发展阶段。在政治、经贸、人文三大核心驱动力的相互作用下,泰国国家场域形成了推动中文教育发展的“三元”驱动机制。政治驱动以颁布中文教育政策、开展中文教育顶层设计等举措形成自上而下的显性推动力;经贸驱动为经济发展提供动力支持,也为政治驱动力持久发力提供动力源泉;经贸合作以及人文交流催生了多元中文语言和文化学习需求,共同形成强大的中文教育市场需求,自下而上拉动泰国中文教育,适时调整发展方向与内部结构。以上“三元”驱动形成合力,为泰国中文教育的快速、可持续发展提供了有力保障。Thailand is a typical case with comparatively good development of Chinese language education in the 21st century across the world.The study found that the Chinese education system in Thailand has become almost complete,and Chinese language education has been deeply integrated into all sections of national education,forming a national Chinese education system from preschool education to higher education,vocational education and other forms of education.It has demonstrated the development characteristics of systematization,diversification,younger age,professionalization and popularization,and gradually moves towards a benign development stage of"quality improvement and efficiency enhancing".Under the interaction of the three core driving forces of politics,economy and trade,as well as humanities,Thailand's national field has formed a"three-element"driving mechanism to promote the development of Chinese language education.The political driving force forms a top-down explicit driving force through the promulgation of Chinese education policies and the top-level design of Chinese education.The economic and trade drivers provide impetus for economic development and provide a source of power for the sustained development of political driving force.Economic and trade cooperation and cultural exchanges have stimulated the demand for learning diverse Chinese languages and cultures,jointly cultivated a strong market demand for Chinese education,and propelled the Chinese education in Thailand from the bottom up to adjust its development direction and internal structure.The combined forces driven up by the above mentioned"three-element"drivers can provide a strong guarantee for the rapid and sustainable development of Chinese language education in Thailand.

关 键 词：国际中文教育 泰国 中文教育体系 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]