减施氮肥及玉米间作绿肥对混合饲草产量及品质的影响  

Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer and green manure intercropping of maize on yield and quality of mixed forage

作　　者：金江 黄依妮 刘鸿宇 李若冰 程永钢 金辉[1] JIN Jiang;HUANG Yi-ni;LIU Hong-yu;LI Ruo-bing;CHENG Yong-gang;JIN Hui(Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学,山西太原030000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第9期61-69,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-22-Z-03);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2022L099)。

摘　　要：为探究山西省黄土高原地区青贮玉米(Zea mays)与豆科(Leguminosae)绿肥间作体系下减施氮肥对混合饲草产量及青贮品质的影响,设置4个青贮玉米与豆科绿肥间作处理(A1:玉米单作;A2:玉米+牧绿9号;A3:玉米+牧绿2号;A4:玉米+拉巴豆),4个氮肥梯度(B1:施用100%N;B2:90%N;B3:80%N;B4:70%N),其中第一年氮肥正常施用,第二年开始减施氮肥。在青贮玉米收获期测定混合饲草的鲜草产量和青贮草料营养成分等指标。结果表明,在同一施氮水平,间作绿肥会提高混合饲草产量,提高青贮草料粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、淀粉等含量;减施氮肥会降低混合饲草产量和品质,降低青贮草料粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、淀粉等含量。间作绿肥可以替代10%氮肥施用量,且以间作拉巴豆并施用90%氮肥的处理效果最佳。In order to explore the effect of reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on mixed forage yield and silage quality under the silage maize and leguminous green manure intercropping system in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province,four silage maize and leguminous green manure intercropping treatments(A1:maize monoculture;A2:maize+Mulu 9;A3:maize+Mulu 2;A4:maize+laba bean),and four nitrogen gradients(B1:100%N;B2:90%N;B3:80%N;B4:70%N)were set up,in which nitrogen fertilizer was applied normally in the first year and reduced nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the second year.The fresh grass yield and nutrient content of the forage mixture were measured at the harvest time of silage maize.The results showed that intercropping green manure increased the yield of mixed forage and increased the contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and starch in silage forage at the same nitrogen application level.Reduced nitrogen fertilizer application reduced the yield and quality of mixed forage,and reduced the contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and starch in silage.Intercropping green manure could replace 10%nitrogen fertilizer application rate,and the treatment of intercropping Laba bean with 90%nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 豆科绿肥 饲草产量 营养品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S55S143