不同生物炭对堆肥进程、品质以及重金属钝化的影响  

Effects of different biochar on composting process,quality and heavy metal passivation

作　　者：范远 张慧君 杜宜春 赵仲鹤 杨成立 周建军[4] 薛达 FAN Yuan;ZHANG Hui-jun;DU Yi-chun;ZHAO Zhong-he;YANG Cheng-li;ZHOU Jian-jun;XUE Da(Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering,the Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an Shaanxi 710000;Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031;Shanxi Dadi Environment Investment Holdings Co.,LTD.,Taiyuan Shanxi 030032;Shanxi Coking Coal Group Co.,LTD.,Shanxi Taiyuan 030024)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室,陕西西安710000 [2]山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西太原030031 [3]山西大地环境投资控股有限公司,山西太原030032 [4]山西焦煤集团有限责任公司,山西太原030024

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第9期104-110,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：自然资源部退化及未利用土地整治工程重点实验室开放基金项目(SXDJ2024-10);大地横向项目(02280121090088);山西省科技厅面上基金(202303021211298);山西省留学回国人员科研教研资助项目(2022-021);中央引导地方项目(YDZJSX20231C002)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同性质生物炭对堆肥进程、品质及重金属钝化的影响,将醋糟和鸡蛋壳分别于450和750℃下热解制备生物炭,并将不同温度生物炭与醋糟、猪粪、煤矸石等进行好氧堆肥。结果表明,添加450℃(T1)和750℃生物炭(T2)的处理与不添加生物炭(T0)相比,分别提前2和5 d进入高温期,最高温度分别提高了6.7和7.5℃,并且加速了种子的萌发和减少了水分损失。堆肥后450℃和750℃生物炭处理氮素养分含量分别较T0增加了2.43%和6.50%;堆肥后,水溶性有机物含量降低,而腐植酸含量显著提高,其中750℃生物炭处理较T0提升了50.89%;并且胡敏酸的含量增加而富里酸含量降低,尤其750℃生物炭处理两种酸的含量变化幅度最大,表明750℃生物炭对堆肥中腐植酸含量变化具有明显促进作用。堆肥后堆体中的主要重金属Zn、Cu的水溶态、弱酸可溶态占比降低,而可氧化态和残渣态占比增加,表明生物炭显著提高了重金属钝化率,且Zn和Cu的钝化效果为T2>T1>T0,说明在堆肥过程中添加高温生物炭有利于重金属的钝化。以上结果表明,醋糟和鸡蛋壳于750℃下热解制备生物炭对堆肥进程、品质及重金属钝化具有更好的促进作用。Biochar,prepared by pyrolysis of vinegar grains and egg shells at 450 and 750℃,was composted with vinegar residue,pig manure and coal gangue to investigate how biochar affecting compost process,quality and heavy metal inactivation.The results showed that the compost arrived high temperature stage 2 and 5 days earlier than the control(T0),and the maximum temperature was increased by 6.7 and 7.5℃,when the biochar with 450℃(T1)and 750℃(T2)were added.The seed germination index(GI)was improved and the water loss was reduced when the biochar was added into the compost.The total nitrogen concentration of 450℃biochar and 750℃biochar treatments were increased by 2.43%and 6.50%compared to T0,respectively.After composting,the concentration of water-soluble organic matter was decreased,while humic acid was increased significantly,especially for the 750℃biochar addition treatment,which exhibited 50.89%increment compared with the control.After composting,the concentration of humic acid was increased while that of fulvic acid was decreased,especially in the 750℃biochar treatment,indicating that the 750℃biochar had a significant impact on the morphological transformation of humic acid.And the proportion of water soluble and weak acid soluble Zn and Cu were decreased,while that of oxidizable and residual states were increased after composting.The passivation rate of heavy metals was increased significantly with the biochar addition treatments than the control.The order of passivation effect of Zn and Cu under different treatments were T2>T1>T0.It showed that the addition of biochar(especially 750℃biochar)had better promotion effects on heavy metals passivation in the compost than that of 450℃biochar and control.The above results showed that the biochar prepared by pyrolysis of vinegar grains and egg shells at 750℃biochar was conducive to the composting process,quality and heavy metal passivation.

关 键 词：鸡蛋壳 醋糟 生物炭 堆肥 腐植酸 重金属形态 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]