社会保险缴费征管与企业数字化转型——基于《社会保险法》实施的准自然实验  

Social Insurance Payment Management and Enterprise Digital Transformation:A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Implementation of the Social Insurance Law

作　　者：郑浩天 靳卫东 ZHENG Haotian;JIN Weidong(School of Economics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学经济学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《中南财经政法大学学报》2024年第6期79-91,共13页Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“人口结构重大转变对中国收入分配格局的影响研究”(23&ZD043);马克思主义理论研究和建设工程特别委托项目“有效市场和有为政府更好结合研究”(2021MYB014)。

摘　　要：本文基于2007—2019年A股上市公司数据,以2011年《社会保险法》实施作为准自然实验,采用广义双重差分法考察社会保险缴费征管对企业数字化转型的影响。结果显示:《社会保险法》实施有助于推动企业数字化转型,且该效应在非国有性质、竞争激烈行业以及法治环境良好地区的企业中更为明显。机制分析表明,《社会保险法》实施提高了劳动力成本,这一方面会激励企业增加设备资本投入并优化人力资本结构,从物力和人力角度“倒逼”企业数字化转型,另一方面也会提高企业现金流约束水平,从财力角度“挤出”企业数字化转型,但前者的正向作用超过了后者的负向作用,总效应表现为促进企业数字化转型。进一步分析发现,社会保险征管机构变更为税务部门以及缴费率下调两项辅助政策改革,都会强化《社会保险法》实施对企业数字化转型的促进作用。研究结论为当前数字中国建设背景下社会保险“严征管”和“降费率”的制度优化方向提供了理论基础和经验支持。Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2019,this paper takes the implementation of the Social Insurance Law in 2011 as A quasi-natural experiment,and adopts the generalized differential method to investigate the impact of social insurance payment management on the digital transformation of enterprises.The results show that the implementation of the Social Insurance Law can help promote the digital transformation of enterprises,and this effect is more obvious in non-state-owned,highly competitive industries and enterprises in regions with good legal environment.Mechanism analysis shows that the implementation of the Social Insurance Law has increased labor costs.On the one hand,it will motivate enterprises to increase equipment capital investment and optimize human capital structure,forcing them to undergo digital transformation from both material and human perspectives.On the other hand,it will also improve the level of cash flow constraints for enterprises,squeezing out digital transformation from a financial perspective.However,the positive effect of the former outweighs the negative effect of the latter,and the overall effect is to promote digital transformation of enterprises.Further analysis reveals that the transformation of the social insurance management agency to a tax department and the reduction of payment rates,two auxiliary policy reforms,will strengthen the promotion effect of the implementation of the Social Insurance Law on the digital transformation of enterprises.The research conclusion provides a theoretical basis and empirical support for the institutional optimization direction of"strict collection and management"and"rate reduction"of social insurance under the current background of digital China construction.

关 键 词：社会保险缴费征管 数字化转型 《社会保险法》 征管机构 缴费率 

分 类 号：F270.7[经济管理—企业管理]