丘陵果园立式螺旋开沟施肥机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Hilly Orchard Vertical Spiral Ditching-fertilizing Machine

作　　者：陈平录[1,2] 苏江红 许静 刘木华[1,2] CHEN Pinglu;SU Jianghong;XU Jing;LIU Muhua(College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,南昌330045 [2]江西省现代农业装备重点实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第10期223-233,274,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051256);江西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目(JXNK20230804-03)。

摘　　要：针对丘陵果园大型开沟施肥机无法进入,小型开沟施肥机因低功率限制无法达到所需开沟深度且功能单一的问题,设计了一种适宜丘陵地区25°坡度地形集开沟、施肥、覆土三大功能为一体的小型立式螺旋开沟施肥机。通过理论分析对开沟装置、施肥装置和覆土装置等关键部件进行了设计。根据丘陵果园土壤板结的特点选择Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding接触模型建立了开沟仿真模型,并以降低开沟旋转功耗、前进功耗、比功为目标,设计Box-Behnken试验对螺旋开沟刀结构参数进行优化。刀具优化仿真试验结果为:螺旋开沟刀的螺旋角、齿数、刃角、齿长分别取17.6°、10、30°、19.76 mm,此时,开沟旋转功耗、前进功耗、比功分别为6.74 kW、0.132 kW、0.165 kW·h/kg。将优化后的螺旋开沟刀试制并开展仿真验证试验,结果表明,试验与仿真测得开沟旋转功耗相对误差为5.6%,说明刀具优化结果正确。整机的田间试验结果表明,施肥机开沟深度稳定性系数、沟底宽度一致性系数、施肥均匀性系数、覆土率分别为96.91%、98.16%、97.08%、77.38%,各项指标均满足农艺要求。In order to address the challenges posed by limited access of large ditching-fertilizing machine in mountain orchards and insufficient power of small ditching-fertilizing machine to meet the required ditching depth,as well as the limited functionality of most small ditching-fertilizing machine,a compact vertical spiral ditching-fertilizing machine was developed for efficient integration of ditching,fertilization,and soil covering functions in hilly orchards with 25°slope.Through theoretical analysis,the key components such as ditching device,fertilizing device and soil covering device were designed.The Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding contact model was selected to establish the ditching simulation model,taking into account the soil compaction characteristics in hilly orchards.Using the ditching rotation power consumption,forward power consumption and specific power consumption as indexes,the Box-Behnken simulation test was conducted to optimize the structure parameters of spiral ditching opener.The optimization results were as follows:the optimal spiral angle,number of teeth,edge angle and tooth length of the opener were 17.6°,10,30°and 19.76 mm,respectively,and the rotational power consumption,forward power consumption and specific power of the opener with optimal parameters were 6.74 kW,0.132 kW and 0.165 kW·h/kg,respectively.The opener with optimal parameters was fabricated and the experiment was conducted to validate the simulation.The results showed that the relative error of the ditching rotation power between experiment and simulation was 5.6%,indicating that the opener optimization results were correct.Field test results of the machine showed that the stability coefficient of ditching depth,consistency coefficient of ditching bottom width,uniformity coefficient of fertilization and soil coving rate were 96.91%,98.16%,97.08%and 77.38%,respectively,and all indexes of the ditching-fertilizing machine met the agronomic requirements.

关 键 词：丘陵果园 开沟施肥机 离散元法 立式螺旋 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]