新疆军府制的创立、发展与深化——以西汉、唐、清三朝为中心  

The establishment,evolvement,and reinforcement of the jun-fu(军府)system in Xinjiang——Focusing on western Han,Tang,and Qing dynasties

作　　者：王希隆 Wang Xilong

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学民族与历史学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2024年第4期1-16,167,共17页The Western Regions Studies

摘　　要：西汉创立的西域都护府制,是一种以军统政、军政合一的军府制,此制对后世影响深远。唐朝在此基础上进一步发展创新,改西域都护为安西都护,改一都护府制为安西、北庭两都护府制,不仅传承都护之内涵,且治理目标更为明确,制度体系更为完备。清朝新疆军府制,则是伊犁将军总统天山南北,伊犁、乌鲁木齐设立两个军府。两军府驻军与陕甘驻军对塔尔巴哈台、喀什噶尔两军政区构成辐射防卫,多类型军民屯田的兴办为驻军提供了军粮与兵源,这都进一步深化了军府制。清朝新疆军府制存在重北轻南的问题。军府制在新疆长期推行,为府县制度在新疆全面实行奠定了基础。The Protectorate of Xi-yu(西域,or the western region)established during the western Han dynasty was a form of jun-fu(军府,or military government)system which unified military and administrative powers and governed political affairs with military authority.This system had profound and long-lasting impacts on successive generations.During the Tang dynasty,it was adapted by being renamed from the Protectorate of Xi-yu to the Protectorate of An-xi(安西,or pacifying the west),and structurally changed from one protectorate into a dual protectorate system--the Protectorate of An-xi and the Protectorate of Bei-ting.These alterations not only retained the main ethos of the organisation,but also further clarified its governance objectives and augmented its institutional framework.The jun-fu system in Xinjiang during the Qing dynasty consisted of two Protectorates based on Ili and Urumqi respectively,with the General of Ili presiding over the northern and southern regions of the Tianshan Mountains.The garrisons at these two Protectorates,along with those from the Gansu and Qinghai regions,constituted a defensive force extending over the military-political districts of Tarbagatai and Kashgar,while the establishment of various military agro-colonies supplied garrisons with grains and recruits.Both strategies reinforced the institutional status of the system.However,on the other hand,the jun-fu system of the Qing dynasty also had an issue of favouring the north over the south.Overall,the long-term implementation of the jun-fu system in Xinjiang laid the foundation for the later enactment of prefecture-county system in the region.

关 键 词：军府制 西域都护府 安西都护府 北庭都护府 伊犁将军 

分 类 号：K256[历史地理—历史学]