老年人抑郁焦虑症状的影响因素研究  

Influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly

作　　者：杨红英 李链 潘凯杰 陈翔[2] 唐健燕 华儿 周颖[5] 边国林 YANG Hongying;LI Lian;PAN Kaijie;CHEN Xiang;TANG Jianyan;HUA Er;ZHOU Ying;BIAN Guolin(Department of Psychiatry,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315201,China;Ninghai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ninghai,Zhejiang 315600,China;Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315800,China;Zhenhai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315200,China;Ningbo University,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315010,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学附属康宁医院精神科,浙江宁波315201 [2]宁海县疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁海315600 [3]宁波市北仑区疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315800 [4]宁波市镇海区疾病预防控制中心,浙江宁波315200 [5]宁波大学,浙江宁波315010

出　　处：《预防医学》2024年第11期926-930,共5页China Preventive Medicine Journal

基　　金：宁波市医学重点学科建设项目(2022-F28);宁波市医疗卫生高端团队重大攻坚项目(2022030410);宁波市医疗卫生品牌学科(PPXK2024-07)。

摘　　要：目的了解老年人抑郁焦虑症状的影响因素,为促进老年人群心理健康提供依据。方法于2022年6—8月,在浙江省宁波市采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法抽取≥60岁的老年人,通过问卷调查收集社会人口学信息、生活方式和自评健康状况等资料;采用病人健康问卷(PHQ-9)评估抑郁症状,采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)评估焦虑症状,PHQ-9和GAD-7评分均≥10分判定为抑郁焦虑症状;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人抑郁焦虑症状的影响因素。结果调查7771人,其中男性3490人,占44.91%;女性4281人,占55.09%。年龄为(72.11±6.79)岁。检出抑郁焦虑症状159例,检出率为2.05%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地(城镇,OR=0.316,95%CI:0.201~0.498)、久坐时长(<3 h/d,OR=0.349,95%CI:0.232~0.525;3~5 h/d,OR=0.458,95%CI:0.313~0.671)、体力活动(≥3次/周,OR=0.551,95%CI:0.373~0.815)、睡眠质量(差,OR=2.491,95%CI:1.738~3.571)、社交隔离(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.148~2.481)和自评健康状况(差,OR=5.857,95%CI:3.547~9.671;一般,OR=1.903,95%CI:1.234~2.937)是老年人抑郁焦虑症状的影响因素。结论老年人抑郁焦虑症状与居住地、久坐时长、睡眠质量、体力活动、社交隔离和自评健康状况有关。Objective To investigate the factors affecting depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly,so as to provide the basis for promoting mental health among the elderly.Methods The elderly aged 60 years and above in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province were recruited using the multistage stratified random sampling method from June to Au⁃gust 2022,and demographic information,lifestyle and self-rated health status were collected by questionnaires.The symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),respectively.The presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was determined when both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were 10 points and higher.Factors affecting depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 7771 individuals were surveyed,in⁃cluding 3490 males(44.91%)and 4281 females(55.09%),and had a mean age of(72.11±6.79)years.The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms was 2.05%.Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified residence(urban ar⁃ea,OR=0.316,95%CI:0.201-0.498),sedentary duration(<3 h/d,OR=0.349,95%CI:0.232-0.525;3-5 h/d,OR=0.458,95%CI:0.313-0.671),physical activity(≥3 times/week,OR=0.551,95%CI:0.373-0.815),sleep quality(poor,OR=2.491,95%CI:1.738-3.571),social isolation(OR=1.688,95%CI:1.148-2.481)and self-rated health(poor,OR=5.857,95%CI:3.547-9.671;normal,OR=1.903,95%CI:1.234-2.937)as the influencing factors for depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly.Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among the elderly is associated with residence,sedentary duration,sleep quality,physical activity,social interactions and self-rated health status.

关 键 词：老年人 抑郁症状 焦虑症状 影响因素 

分 类 号：R749.4[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]