浙江龙王山安吉小鲵的产卵场微生境选择与卵孵化的影响因素  

The Microhabitat Selection of Oviposition Sites and Factorsin Egg Hatching of Hynobius amjiensis in Longwang Mountain,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：汪贤挺 黄镇杨 郎泽东 周亚楠 刘宝权[5] 魏平凡 陈进民 袁智勇 WANG Xianting;HUANG Zhenyang;LANG Zedong;ZHOU Yanan;LIU Baoquan;WEI Pingfan;CHEN Jinmin;YUAN Zhiyong(Anji Salamander National Nature Reserve Management Center,Huzhou,313000,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation of Extremely Small Populations of Wildlife in Yunnan Universities,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650233,China;College of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China;College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,241000,China;Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center,Hangzhou,310020,China)

机构地区：[1]安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区管理中心,湖州313000 [2]西南林业大学云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室,昆明650233 [3]西南大学生命科学学院,重庆400715 [4]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,芜湖241000 [5]浙江省森林资源监测中心,杭州310020

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2024年第4期819-829,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区管理中心项目(TCGK2023-007)。

摘　　要：全球两栖动物种群的急剧衰退已成为保护生物学领域的一个核心问题。产卵场选择是两栖动物生活史中至关重要的过程,受到多种环境因素的影响,直接关系到后代的存活率和亲本的适合度。安吉小鲵(Hynobius amjiensis)为国家一级重点保护野生动物,分布范围狭窄、种群数量极少,目前缺乏对该物种产卵场微生境选择的相关研究。2023年11月—2024年3月,本研究团队在浙江安吉小鲵国家级自然保护区内的14个潜在繁殖池监测了安吉小鲵的产卵和孵化过程,并采用主成分分析和广义相加混合模型分析了该物种产卵场选择偏好、卵孵化成功率以及孵化时长等主要影响因素。结果表明:安吉小鲵依据多种环境因子选择筑巢地点,其中,在繁殖池内的相对位置(水体深度、距水面距离、距岸边距离)和繁殖池水质(水体pH、水体溶解性总固体、水体氧含量)是影响安吉小鲵产卵场微生境选择的关键因素;水体温度、水体氧含量和水深等对卵孵化率具有显著影响;卵孵化时长显著受到水体温度和水体pH的影响。研究结果揭示了安吉小鲵对繁殖场的选择偏好,可为安吉小鲵种群的复壮提供数据支持。The dramatic decline of the global amphibian population has become a key issue in conservation biology.Ovipo⁃sition site selection is a crucial process in the life history of amphibians,which is strongly affected by a range of environmen⁃tal factors.The process directly affects the survival of offspring and the fitness of parents,which in turn impacts the conser⁃vation of endangered amphibians.Hynobius amjiensis,a national level I protected wild animal,has a narrow distribution range and a very small population size.Currently,there has been a lack of research on the microhabitat selection of ovipo⁃sition sites.From November 2023 to March 2024,we monitored the oviposition and hatching conditions of H.amjiensis in the only 14 potential breeding pools within the Anji Salamander National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province.Using princi⁃pal component analysis and generalized additive mixed models,we investigated the main factors of the oviposition site pref⁃erence,egg hatching success rate,and hatching duration of H.amjiensis.The results indicate that H.amjiensis selects nesting sites based on various environmental factors.Among these,the relative position within the breeding pond(water depth,distance from the water surface,and distance from the shore)and the water quality of the breeding pond(water pH,total dissolved solids,and oxygen content)are key factors affecting the microhabitat selection for H.amjiensis spawn⁃ing sites.The water temperature,oxygen content,and depth of the water have significant impacts on the hatching success rate of egg;the hatching duration of egg is significantly influenced by water temperature,pH levels,and surface humidity.The study reveals the reproductive site selection preferences of H.amjiensis for the first time and provides fundamental data for the conservation measures for the species.

关 键 词：小鲵属 微生境选择 产卵位点 有尾目 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]