调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖对苦荞生物学特性和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Straw Mulching on Biological Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Tartary Buckwheat

作　　者：王艳兰[1,3] 胡丽琴 王素华 张腊梅 杨学乐 张璐 何录秋 汤睿[2] 李基光[1] WANG Yan-lan;HU Li-qin;WANG Su-hua;ZHANG La-mei;YANG Xue-le;ZHANG Lu;HE Lu-qiu;TANG Rui;LI Ji-guang(Hunan Crop Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Rice Research Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Ningxiang Agricultural Bureau of Hunan Province,Ningxiang 410600,Hunan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南省农业科学院,长沙410125 [3]湖南省水稻研究所,长沙410125 [4]宁乡市农业农村局,湖南宁乡410600

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2024年第11期18-23,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：湖南省水利科技项目一般项目(XSKJ2022068-38);国家作物种质资源库(NCGRC-2024-056);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX34);湖南省农业种质资源保护与利用(湘财农指(2023)0043号)。

摘　　要：为探讨调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖对苦荞生物学特性和水分调亏利用效率的影响,设置秸秆覆盖(裸地S_(1)、秸秆覆盖S_(2))和灌溉方式(常规灌溉M_(1)、轻度调亏灌溉M_(2)、重度调亏灌溉M3)组合共6个处理,比较各处理的土壤含水量、农艺性状、产量和水分调亏利用效率等差异。结果表明:与裸地处理相比,秸秆覆盖处理的产量和水分调亏利用效率分别提高了13.5%和32.9%。与全灌处理相比,轻度调亏灌溉处理的产量、水分调亏利用效率分别提高了5.3%和52.8%。调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖互作后,M_(2)S_(2)处理下产量和水分调亏利用效率最高。M_(2)S_(2)的产量、水分调亏利用效率较M_(1)S_(1)分别增加16.1%,95.7%,主要是因为M_(2)S_(2)处理的净光合速率、单株分枝数、生物量及结实率较M_(1)S_(1)分别显著增加13.0%,12.1%,12.5%和8.3%。综上所述,轻度调亏灌溉和秸秆覆盖能显著提高苦荞产量和水分调亏利用效率,可为苦荞的节水高效栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑。To investigate the effects of deficit irrigation and straw mulching on biological characteristics and water use efficiency of Tartary buckwheat,six treatments were set up combining straw mulching(bare land S_(1),straw mulching S_(2))and and irrigation methods(conventional irrigation M_(1),mild regulated deficit irrigation M_(2),and heavy regulated deficit irrigation M_(3)).The differences of soil moisture content,agronomic traits,yield and water use efficiency of each treatment were compared.The results showed that the yield and water use efficiency of straw mulching treatment were increased by 13.5%and 32.9%,respectively,compared to bare land treatment.Compared to full irrigation,the yield and water use efficiency of mild deficit irrigation were increased by 5.3%and 52.8%,respectively.After the interaction between regulated deficit irrigation and straw mulch,M_(2)S_(2) treatment had the highest yield and water use efficiency.The yield and water use efficiency of M_(2)S_(2) were increased by 16.1%and 95.7%,respectively,compared to M_(1)S_(1),mainly due to the net photosynthetic rate,branch number per plant,biomass and seed setting rate of M_(2)S_(2) treatment were significantly increased by 13.0%,12.1%,12.5%and 8.3%,respectively.In conclusion,mild deficit irrigation and straw mulching can significantly improve Tartary buckwheat yield and water use efficiency,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for water-saving and efficient cultivation of Tartary buckwheat.

关 键 词：苦荞 秸秆覆盖 调亏灌溉 生物学特性 产量 水分调亏利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程]