不同比例葡萄枝条培养料配方对4种食用菌生长及品质的影响  

Effects of different proportions of a grape branch culture formula on the growth and quality of four edible fungi

作　　者：高迎东 周娟 周鱼 袁苗 张亚红[1] GAO Yingdong;ZHOU Juan;ZHOU Yu;YUAN Miao;ZHANG Yahong(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第5期126-135,144,共11页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEF02016)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究以葡萄枝条废弃物为主要培养料的不同配方对4种食用菌生长和品质的影响,为葡萄枝条循环利用提供科学依据。【方法】利用不同比例(38%、48%、58%、68%和83%)葡萄枝条代替常规配方中的玉米芯栽培姬菇(Pleurotuscornucopia)、平菇(Pleurotusostreatus)、火平(Pleurotusostreatus)和秀珍菇(Pleurotus pulmonarius)。分析不同配方对培养料理化性质、子实体生长特性、产量、经济效益和营养成分的影响。【结果】与CK(玉米芯配方)相比,随葡萄枝条添加量的增加,培养料各理化指标含量越高、菌丝满袋时间越短、子实体中营养物质含量略高于或显著高于对照,但子实体形态、生物学效率和经济效益呈降低趋势。采用模糊数学隶属函数法综合分析,葡萄枝条添加量为58%时,姬菇和秀珍菇分别增产18.09%和8.5%,葡萄枝条添加量为48%时,平菇和火平分别增产7.7%和13.5%,菌丝满袋时间、子实体形态、生物学效率、经济效益、营养物质综合排名最高。【结论】葡萄枝条可作为培养料用于4种食用菌的栽培,姬菇和秀珍菇在葡萄枝条添加量为58%时最佳,平菇和火平在葡萄枝条添加量为48%时最佳。【Objective】The effects of different formulations using grape stalk waste as the main culture material on the growth and quality of four edible fungi were studied to provide a scientific basis for replacing traditional maize cob culture material.【Method】Different percentages(38%,48%,58%,68%and 83%)of grape stalks were used to replace maize cobs in conventional formulations for the cultivation of Pleurotus cornucopia,P.ostreatus,P.ostreatus and P.pulmonarius.The effects of the different formulations on the physico-chemical properties,substrate growth characteristics,yield,economic efficiency and nutrient composition of the cultures were analyzed.【Result】Compared with CK(maize cob formulation),the higher the content of each physicochemical index of the culture material,the shorter the full bag time of mycelium,and the content of nutrients in the seeds were slightly or significantly higher than the control with the increase of grape stalks addition,but the seed morphology,biological efficiency and economic efficiency showed a decreasing trend.Using the comprehensive analysis of fuzzy mathematical subordinate function method,the yield of P.cornucopia and P.pulmonarius increased by 18.09%and 8.5%,respectively,when grape stalks were added at 58%.When grape stalks were added at 48%,the yield of P.ostreatus and P.ostreatus increased by 7.7%and 13.5%respectively,with the highest overall ranking of mycelium full bag time,substrate morphology,biological efficiency,economic efficiency and nutrients.【Conclusion】Grape stalks can be used as culture material for the cultivation of four edible mushrooms,with P.cornucopia and P.pulmo-narius performing best at 58%grape stalk addition,and P.ostreatus and P.ostreatus at 48%grape stalk addition.

关 键 词：理化性质 产量 生物学效率 经济效益 营养成分 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]