口腔潜在恶性疾患癌变风险的早期筛查  

Early screening of malignant transformation risk in oral potential malignant disorders

作　　者：程喆 金建秋[1] 王倩 CHENG Zhe;JIN Jianqiu;WANG Qian(Department of Stomatology,Beijing Hospital,National Geriatric Center,Institute of Geriatrics,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]北京医院口腔科,国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730

出　　处：《临床与病理杂志》2024年第7期1018-1026,共9页Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研业务费(BJ-2023-187);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3605600)。

摘　　要：口腔潜在恶性疾患(oral potential malignant disorders,OPMDs)是发生在口腔黏膜且具有癌变潜能的一类疾病的总称。OPMDs癌变风险的早期筛查有助于医生掌握患者情况,采取相应措施阻断癌变进程来提高患者生存质量。最初医生通过常规口腔检查和组织病理学检查来进行早期筛查;随着科技进步,甲苯胺蓝染色、荧光检测、DNA定量分析技术、细胞刷活检技术等无创/微创技术被广泛应用于临床,近几年更是利用皮肤镜和反射共聚焦显微镜检测唇部病损如光化性唇炎、唇癌等。对各种用于早期筛查OPMDs癌变风险的技术手段进行综述,分析其优缺点和适应证,可以帮助医生针对不同情况选择合适的方法以筛查OPMDs的癌变风险。Oral potential malignant disorders(OPMDs)refer to a group of diseases occurring in the oral mucosa with potential for malignant transformation.Early screening for the malignant transformation risk of OPMDs helps clinicians assess the patient’s condition and take appropriate measures to prevent cancer progression,thereby improving the patient’s quality of life.Initially,early screening was performed by conventional oral examinations and histopathological tests.With technological advancements,non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques,such as toluidine blue staining,fluorescence detection,DNA quantification analysis,and brush cytology,have been widely applied in clinical practice.In recent years,dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy have been used to detect lip lesions,including actinic cheilitis and lip cancer.This review summarizes various techniques used for early screening of malignant transformation risk in OPMDs,analyzing their advantages,disadvantages,and indications,to help clinicians choose the most appropriate method for assessing the malignant transformation risk of OPMDs in different situations.

关 键 词：口腔潜在恶性疾患 早期筛查 癌变风险 皮肤镜 反射共聚焦显微镜 

分 类 号：R739.8[医药卫生—肿瘤]