“禺氏之玉”斟议兼论月氏的原居地问题  

A New Explanation of the Yuzhi's Jade and the Original Residence of the Yuezhi

作　　者：樊丽沙 杨富学[2] FAN Li-sha;YANG Fu-xue(Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan,450044;Dunhuang Research Academy,Lanzhou,Gansu,730030)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学体育学院丝绸之路文化研究中心,河南郑州450044 [2]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期42-49,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“多元民族文化与敦煌晚期石窟的分期断代研究”(23AZS004)。

摘　　要：早在张骞通使西域之前,东西方之间便存在着一条西玉东输之路。传世文献中有“玉出昆冈”和“禺氏之玉”之谓,学界一般皆指其为和田玉,因月氏转运昆仑玉至中原而得名。近期,河西马鬃山发现了径保尔草场玉矿和寒窑子草场玉矿两大遗址,敦煌发现有旱峡玉矿遗址,所产之玉同属于和田玉系列。马鬃山及敦煌一带古来为月氏的活动范围,“禺氏之玉”有可能就是月氏人所产之玉,是证“禺氏之玉”名称的由来不仅在于月氏有可能是和田玉的转运者,同时也可能在于其本身就是和田玉的生产者。至于月氏人的居地,史载在“敦煌祁连间”,处于马鬃山、敦煌玉矿区域内。近年有学者将月氏的活动范围界定在东天山地区,仅就“禺氏之玉”这一因素判断,就完全不可信从。若言月氏为和田玉的转运者,那么,经行路线应该沿丝路南道(昆仑山北麓)而东,经河西月氏地区抵达中原,焉可舍近便之道而绕道东天山;若言月氏为和田玉的生产者,其玉之东输就更没必要绕道东天山了。Archaeological data showed that long before Zhang Qian passed the Western Regions,there was a"Jade Road"between the East and the West.The"Jade from Kungang"and"he Yuzhi's Jade"were praises for the jade of the Western Regions.Academic circles have always believed that"the Yuzhi's jade"refers to the transfer of Khotan jade by the Yuzhi.However,the discovery of the two ancient jade mine sites in the Hexi area,Mt.Mazongshan and Hanxia in Dunhuang,shows that the Yuzhi was not only a transporter of jade,but also a producer of jade,and"the Yuzhi's Jade"may be the jade produced by the Yuezhi in the Jiuquan area.It can be seen from this that the Yuezhi activity area should be in the Hexi Corridor,which has nothing to do with the Eastern Tianshan Mountains,which is currently hotly discussed in academic circles.It's not convincing that the Yuezhi and the Wusun's original hometown was in Eastern Tianshan.If the Yuezhi was said to be the transporter of Khotan jade,then the route should be along the South Road of the Silk Road(North Foot of Kunlun Mountains)to the East,through the Yuezhi area in Hexi to reach the Central Plains,so it was irrelevant to the East Tianshan Mountains.If Yuezhi was the producer of Khotan jade,there was no need to make a detour to Eastern Tianshan.

关 键 词：禺氏之玉 和田玉 河西玉矿 月氏故乡 敦煌 

分 类 号：K876.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]