黄羊、白麦、芦酒:杜诗西北名物书写及其文学史意义  

Huangyang and Baimai and Lujiu:The Writing of Substantives of Northwest Things in Du Fu's Poems and Its Significance of Literary History

作　　者：郝润华[1] HAO Run-Hua(College of Liberal Arts,Northwest University,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710127)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期108-116,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：杜甫边塞诗中对河西名物的书写具体而微,形象而确,有的名物仅杜甫一人使用过;有的在其后虽偶有出现,但在之前却找不到例证,语典也并非来自当时通行文献。汉代文献中出现的“黄羊”,其实是家养黄狗;芦酒,一作“虏酒”,或是西北草原民族常喝的马奶酒。杜甫边塞诗中西北名物的特别书写,与唐代类书编纂之风及博物学、医学发达等文化环境不无关联。杜诗中三种名物的书写,不仅丰富了诗歌内涵,反映了时代地域特征,成就了杜诗“体物写志”的艺术贡献,影响及于后来,更重要的是:它也是唐诗史中盛唐气象的最后展示,随着安史之乱后帝国版图的南扩,杜甫及其以后文人的文学书写视野亦随之发生变化。Although Du Fu had never been to the northwest territories,his frontier poems about the writing of the substantives of northwest things were detailed,vivid and accurate.Some special substantives only appeared in Du Fu's poems.Some special terms appeared after Du Fu,but there were no examples before Du Fu and the lexicon was not from the prevailing literature of the time.The causes of the phenomenon were related to the cultural background of the Tang Dynasty,such as natural history,the compilation of category books and advanced medical science,which showed that Du Fu had acquired a wealth of knowledge.The writing of the substantives of northwest things in Du Fu's poems not only enriched poetic connotation,reflected the geographical and time characteristics,showed artistic contribution to"depicting objects to express emotions"in the Du Fu's Poems,but also had a positive effect for the later creation.At the same time,it also represented the final display of the prosperous Tang Dynasty's atmosphere in the history of Tang poetry.Following the An-Shi Rebellion,as the empire's territory expanded southward,the literary writing perspectives of Du Fu and subsequent literati also underwent changes.

关 键 词：杜诗 西北 名物 文学史意义 盛唐气象 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]