汉语“流水”的认知隐喻及其状语功能论析  

An Analysis of the Cognitive Metaphors and Adverbial Functions of Chinese"Liu Shui(流水)"

作　　者：史慧 尹海良 SHI Hui;YIN Hai-liang(School of Culture and Communication,Shandong University at Weihai,Shandong,264209;School of Chinese Medicine,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan,Ningxia,750000)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化传播学院,山东威海264209 [2]宁夏医科大学中医学院,宁夏银川750000

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期146-153,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“现代汉语肯否范畴偏转识解的交互主观性与生成机制研究”(19BYY024)。

摘　　要：汉语“流水”一词本义“流动的水”,与“止水”相对。由“流水”一词参与构成的比喻格式有原式、变式和对应式,三者共同构成了“流水”比喻格式序列。汉语“流水”的认知隐喻系统是在语言使用者对“流水”比喻格式习用不辍的过程中逐步建立起来的。现代汉语普通话中,“流水”常作为语素之一参与构词,但构词能力较弱,成词数量偏少、意义相对固定、能产性不高,属词库词;句法上,“流水”一词是可作状语的真正一般名词,并非名词与副词、名词与形容词的兼类,这可作为对62个可以作状语的名词词表的增补,一些学者在研究中所引证的材料和结论有值得商榷之处。从现代汉语方言差异角度看,名词“流水”的状语用法是其历时发展在共时平面上的投影。The Chinese word"liu shui(流水)"originally means"Flowing water",as opposed to"Standing water".The figurative forms composed of the word"liu shui(流水)"include original form,variant form and corresponding form,which together constitute the figurative form sequence of"liu shui(流水)".The cognitive metaphor system of"liu shui(流水)"in Chinese has gradually been established in the process of language users'habitual use of the"liu shui(流水)"metaphor format.In modern Chinese,"liu shui(流水)"often participates in word formation as one of morphemes,but it belongs to the word bank word with a weak ability of word formation,a small number of words,relatively fixed meaning and not high productivity.Syntactically,the word"liu shui(流水)"is a real general noun that can be used as an adverbial,rather than a mixture of a noun and an adverb,or a noun and an adjective,which can be used as an addition to the list of 62 nouns as adverbials.The materials and conclusions cited by some scholars in the research are worth discussing.From the perspective of dialectal differences in modern Chinese,the adverbial usage of the noun"liu shui(流水)"is the projection of its diachronic development on the synchronic plane.

关 键 词：流水 认知 隐喻 语义 句法功能 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]