基于多保真代理模型的塔机臂架结构优化  

Structure optimization of tower crane jib based on multi-fidelity surrogate model

作　　者：张建康 刘富文 郭冠辰 张帅 宋学官[1,2] 孙田 李子陆 ZHANG Jiankang;LIU Fuwen;GUO Guanchen;ZHANG Shuai;SONG Xueguan;SUN Tian;LI Zilu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;State Key Laboratory Hing-performance Precision Manufacturing,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Fushun Yongmao Construction Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Fushun 113000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学高性能精密制造全国重点实验室,辽宁大连116024 [3]抚顺永茂建筑机械有限公司,辽宁抚顺113000

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第11期1967-1976,共10页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52075068);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1700704)。

摘　　要：起重臂架是动臂式塔机的关键工作部件,负责提升运输建筑材料,其制造成本和工作耗能与自身重量成正比,需要对臂架的重量优化展开研究,因此提出了一种针对动臂式塔机臂架的高效优化设计方法。首先,基于有限元法,计算了不同臂架幅度下的极限工况应力及变形,确定了最危险工况,并以此工况作为优化设计的基础工况;然后,选定了臂架上12个结构参数为设计变量,进行了参数化建模,利用拉丁超立方采样(LHS)选取了样本点,基于有限元仿真数据,构建了三种基于径向基函数(RBF)的代理模型并对其精度进行了评估;最后,基于精度高的多保真代理模型(MFS),以臂架重量最小为优化目标,构建了臂架优化问题的数学模型,使用遗传算法(GA)完成了优化设计。研究结果表明:优化后的臂架满足强度、刚度要求,整个臂架不会发生断裂和失稳,而且臂架重量减轻了25.03%;同时,多保真代理模型的预测结果和仿真结果误差小于3%,证明了多保真代理模型的准确性,进而证明了基于多保真代理模型的臂架优化方法的有效性。The jib,an essential operational component of a tower crane,was entrusted with the task of hoisting and transporting construction materials.The production costs and energy consumption of the jib were directly tied to its weight.The necessity of optimizing jib weight was emphasized.An efficient optimization approach for the design of a tower cranes jib was introduced.Firstly,based on the finite element method,the ultimate stress and deformation under different arm amplitudes were calculated,and the most dangerous working condition was determined,which was used as the basis for optimizing the design.Then,12 structural parameters related to the jib were selected as design variables for the undertaking of parametric modeling,Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)was employed in selecting the sample points.Based on finite element simulation data,three surrogate models based on radial basis function(RBF)were constructed and their accuracy was assessed.Finally,based on a high-precision multi-fidelity surrogate model(MFS),with the optimization objective of minimizing the weight of the jib,a mathematical model for the jib optimization problem was constructed,and the genetic algorithm(GA)was utilized to execute the optimization design.The research results demonstrate that the optimized jib meets both strength and stiffness requirements,ensuring structural integrity and stability,while achieving a 25.03%reduction in weight.Moreover,the deviation between the anticipated and simulated results of the multi-fidelity surrogate model is less than 3%,validating the precision of the multi-fidelity surrogate model and the effectiveness of the jib optimization method grounded on the multi-fidelity surrogate model.

关 键 词：动臂式塔式起重机 臂架结构轻量化设计 多保真代理模型 遗传算法 优化设计 拉丁超立方采样 径向基函数 

分 类 号：TH213.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]