对冲式冲击试验机的设计及其动力特性的研究  

Design and dynamic characteristics study of hedge impact testing machine

作　　者：胡俊宏[1] 尹远博 吴畅 张福同 HU Junhong;YIN Yuanbo;WU Chang;ZHANG Futong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870

出　　处：《机电工程》2024年第11期2098-2105,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国防科技创新特区项目(20-163-00-TS-006-002-01)。

摘　　要：为了对舰船内部电子设备进行高加速度冲击检测,提高冲击试验机的检测能力,对传统的冲击试验机进行了结构上的改进,提出了一种新型的对冲式冲击试验机,并对设计参数及其动力特性进行了研究。首先,介绍了对冲式冲击试验机的机械结构和控制原理,建立了设备的运动学模型,将试验动作划分成了四个过程(分别为蓄能、释放、碰撞与刹车阶段),并对各阶段进行了数学建模分析,确定了最大能量碰撞点;然后,建立了实体模型,使用ANSYS软件对其进行了计算机仿真,评估了结构稳定性,预测了其冲击加速度;最后,通过多次试验检测了动力特性,在不同位置下重复测试了该设备碰撞点位置与产生的冲击加速度大小,采集了加速度与位移信号,对信号进行了降噪滤波处理与微分计算,验证了设备性能的可靠性。研究结果表明:该试验机结构简单、操作容易,可重复试验;每次试验中碰撞点距理想位置分布数据散度在30 mm以内,数据稳定可靠,符合设计需求,控制方法合理;通过调节试验台与冲击台的释放位置可以改变冲击产生的加速度大小,在极限位置释放时最高能产生2 000 g左右的冲击加速度,满足各种元器件对耐冲击测试的试验要求。In order to carry out the high acceleration impact detection of the internal electronic equipment of the ship and to improve the detection capability of the impact testing machine,the traditional impact testing machine was structurally improved,and a new type of hedge type impact testing machine was designed,and the design parameters and its dynamic characteristics were studied.Firstly,the mechanical structure and control principle of the hedge impact testing machine were introduced,the kinematic model of the equipment was established,and the test action was divided into four processes,which were energy storage,release,collision and braking stages.The mathematical modeling analyses of each stage were carried out,and the maximum energy collision point was determined.Then,solid models were developed and computer simulations were performed using ANSYS software to assess structural stability and impact acceleration predictions.Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the device were examined through several tests,and the location of the collision point and the size of the impact acceleration generated by the device were repeatedly tested at different positions.The acceleration and displacement signals were collected,and the signals were processed by noise reduction filtering and differential calculation to verify the reliability of the device performance.The results of the study show that the structure of the testing machine is simple,easy to operate,and can be tested repeatedly.The dispersion of the distribution data of the collision point from the ideal position in each test is within 30 mm,the data is stable and reliable,which meets the design requirements,and the control method is reasonable.By adjusting the release position of the test bench and the impact table,the size of the acceleration generated by the impact can be changed,and the maximum impact acceleration of about 2000 g can be generated when releasing at the limit position,which can satisfy the test requirements of various components for impact resistanc

关 键 词：冲击试验机 冲击试验 可靠性 运动学模型 运动过程分析 ANSYS 结构稳定性 冲击加速度 

分 类 号：TH89[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] TH122[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]