大语言模型在护理学领域应用的范围综述  

A scoping review of the applications of large language models in nursing science

作　　者：马应卓 王俊[1] 刘彤 蒋婧 吴洁 赵梓寒 赵庆华[1] 肖明朝[2] Ma Yingzhuo;Wang Jun;Liu Tong;Jiang Jing;Wu Jie;Zhao Zihan;Zhao Qinghua;Xiao Mingchao(Department of Nursing,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 40o016,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学附属第一医院护理部,重庆400016 [2]重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科,重庆400016

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2024年第19期124-128,F0003,共6页Journal of Nursing Science

基　　金：重庆医科大学2019年校级教育教学研究项目(JY190316);重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目重点项目(222069);重庆市教委十四五重点学科支持项目(20240101)。

摘　　要：目的对大语言模型在护理学领域的应用研究进行范围综述,为相关研究提供参考。方法遵循范围综述方法,系统检索中英文数据库中相关大语言模型在护理学领域应用的相关研究。检索时限为建库至2024年5月,由2名研究人员独立筛选提取资料,并对纳入文献进行总结和分析。结果共纳入33篇文献,大语言模型在护理学领域的应用主要集中于护理教育(48.49%)、临床护理(42.42%),护理科研(3.03%)及综合应用(6.06%);其应用形式主要包括护理专业考试或护理基础知识测试、护理教学写作、临床模拟场景构建、制订护理计划、协助患者病情管理、为患者提供专业知识和信息支持等。大语言模型已经在护理教育和临床护理的患者管理方面展现出了显著的应用效果,但在知识应用、回答临床问题、进行专业判断或决策时仍有缺陷,不足以取代人工。结论大语言模型在我国护理学领域的研究处于起步阶段,未来的研究应当积极整合前沿技术,以促进其在该领域的深入应用,同时,应加快制定和推行标准化的使用准则和指南,确保技术应用的安全性和有效性,切实推动护理学领域的创新与发展。Objective To conducted a scoping review to summarize and describe the application of large language models in nursing,and to provide a reference for relevant research.Methods Following the scoping review methodology,relevant studies were identified through searches in Chinese and English databases from the construction to May 2024.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data,summarized and analyzed the included literatures.Results A total of 33 studies were included.The applications of large language models in nursing primarily focused on nursing education(48.49%),clinical care(42.42%),nursing research(3.03%)and comprehensive applications(6.06%),the forms of its application mainly included nursing professional exams or tests of basic knowledge of nursing,nursing didactic writing,construction of clinical simulation scena-rios,development of nursing care plans,assisting in the patient management,and providing professional knowledge and information support for patients.While large language models had shown significant effectiveness in nursing education and patient management in clinical nursing,they still had limitations in knowledge application,answering clinical questions,and making professional judgments or decisions,and were not yet sufficient to replace human involvement.Conclusion Research on large language models in the nursing field in China is still in its early stages.Future studies should focus on actively integrating cutting-edge technologies to facilitate their deeper application in this area.Furthermore,there is a pressing need to develop and implement standardized guidelines to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these technologies,thereby driving innovation and advancement in nursing.

关 键 词：大语言模型 人工智能 ChatGPT 护理教育 护理科研 临床护理 范围综述 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学] TP18[医药卫生—临床医学]