“劳动补充”抑或“劳动素质”:青少年家务劳动技能发展的影响因素分析  

“Labor Supplement”or“Labor Quality”:An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Development of Housework Skills among Adolescents

作　　者：赵卫华[1] 李晶晶[1] ZHAO Wei-hua;LI Jing-jing(School of Sociology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学社会学院,北京100124

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2024年第6期90-100,116,共12页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“消费社会学视角下‘双减’政策的家庭减负效应研究”(BHA230155)。

摘　　要：根据中小学生发展状况全国调查数据,运用OLS回归分析方法,分析了家庭、性别、学校教育等因素对青少年家务劳动技能的影响,检验了青少年家务劳动的“劳动补充假设”和“劳动素质假设”。研究结果显示,青少年家务劳动技能受到家庭状况、个人性别及性别观念、学校教育等多种因素的显著影响。农村家庭青少年家务劳动技能显著低于城市青少年;相比于中等经济条件者,家庭经济比较富裕的青少年家务劳动技能水平更高,家庭经济比较困难和非常富裕者家务劳动技能水平显著更低;女生总体高于男生,农村男女青少年的劳动技能差别更大,父亲受教育程度提高会显著降低女生的家务劳动技能水平,缩小男女生家务劳动技能差异;性别观念比较平等的青少年,其家务劳动技能水平更高;家庭中兄弟姐妹越多,青少年家务劳动技能水平越高。学校劳技课显著提高学生的家务劳动技能水平。结果表明:青少年家务劳动技能不是补充家务劳动的结果,而是劳动教育的结果。因此,本研究基本否定了青少年家务劳动技能形成的“劳动补充假设”,支持了“劳动素质假设”。Based on the national survey data of our research project on the development of primary and secondary school students,this study uses the OLS regression analysis method to analyze the influence of factors such as family,gender,and school education on the housework skills of adolescents and tests the“labor supplement hypothesis”and“labor quality hypothesis”of adolescents’housework skills.The research results show that the housework skills of adolescents are significantly influenced by various factors such as family status,gender,gender concept,and school education.Rural adolescents have significantly lower levels of housework skills than urban adolescents.Compared to those with moderate economic conditions,adolescents from economically affluent families have higher levels of housework skills,while those from economically disadvantaged and extremely affluent families have significantly lower levels of housework skills.The levels of housework skills of girls are generally higher than those of boys.The gap in housework skills between rural boys and girls is even greater.An increase in the education level of fathers significantly reduces the housework skills of girls and narrows the gap in housework skills between boys and girls.Adolescents with the concept of gender equality tend to have higher levels of housework skills.The more brothers and sisters are in the family,the higher the levels of housework skills of adolescents are.Labor courses in schools can significantly improve students’housework skills.The results indicate that the housework skills of adolescents are not the result of supplementing housework,but rather the result of labor education.Therefore,this study mostly disagrees with the“labor supplement hypothesis”regarding the formation of adolescents’housework skills and supports the“labor quality hypothesis”.

关 键 词：青少年 家务劳动技能 劳动素质 影响机制 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]