康德的平等观念探究  

Exploration of Kant's Concept of Equality

作　　者：段忠桥 DUAN Zhong-qiao

机构地区：[1]山西大学马克思主义哲学研究所,太原030006 [2]中国人民大学哲学院 [3]中国人民大学政治哲学研究中心

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2024年第6期94-103,233,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：现代平等观念是启蒙运动倡导的核心思想之一,作为启蒙运动的重要代表人物,康德在其晚年的著作中讲了与三类人相关的三种平等:一是社会中作为人的每个成员之间的平等,二是社会中作为臣民的每个成员之间的平等,三是社会中作为公民的每个成员之间的平等。他对第一类人的平等的论述,是对洛克和卢梭的“人人生而平等”的主张的重申,其独到之处只在于将平等基于人性中的理性。他对第二类和第三类人的平等的论述,是以国家元首和臣民之间的不平等以及公民与“受保护的伙伴”之间的不平等为前提的,这是对他讲的第一类人的平等的否定,也是他的平等观念不彻底的表现。尽管康德在很多方面对启蒙运动做出了巨大贡献,但就现代平等观念而言,他并没有多少建树,更不能与洛克和卢梭比肩。The concept of modern equality is one of the core ideas advocated by the Enlightenment.As one of the important representatives of the Enlightenment,Kant discussed three types of equality related to three types of people in his later works.The first is the equality between every member of society as a person,the second equality between every member of society as a subject,and the third equality between every member of society as a citizen.His view on the equality of the first type of people is a reaffirmation of Locke and Rousseau's proposition that all men are born equal,and its uniqueness lies only in the rational foundation of equality in human nature;his expression of the equality of the second and third categories of people is based on the inequality between heads of state and subjects,as well as the inequality between citizens and"protected partners".This is a negation of the equality of the first category of people he talked about,and is also a manifestation of his incomplete concept of equality.Although Kant made significant contributions to the Enlightenment in other aspects,in terms of modern equality concepts,he did not make much progress,let alone stand on par with Locke and Rousseau.

关 键 词：现代平等观念 康德 人的平等 臣民的平等 公民的平等 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]