从工匠题记考察敦煌石窟西夏至民国时期的重修活动——敦煌石窟题记系列研究之四  

A Study on the Renovation Activities of the Dunhuang Caves from the Western Xia to the Republic of China Period Based on Artisans'Inscriptions——Serial Studies on Dunhuang Cave Inscriptions(IV)

作　　者：张先堂[1] 李国[2] 杨天荣 ZHANG Xiantang;LI Guo;YANG Tianrong(Textual Research Institute,Dunhuang Academy,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu;Silk Road and Dunhuang Research Center,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu;Conservation Research Institute of the Yulin Grottoes,Dunhuang Academy,Guazhou 736100,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院文献研究所,甘肃兰州730030 [2]敦煌研究院丝绸之路与敦煌研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [3]敦煌研究院榆林窟文物保护研究所,甘肃瓜州736100

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第5期6-19,共14页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“敦煌河西石窟多语言壁题考古资料抢救性调查整理与研究”(22&ZD219)。

摘　　要：本文系统辑录了敦煌石窟中有关画匠、塑匠、木匠等工匠题记,首次全面考察了西夏、元代、清代和民国时期敦煌石窟中重绘壁画、重修塑像和维修石窟寺建筑等重修活动,重点研究了清代乾隆末、嘉庆初和民国四年的莫高窟塑像重修活动,提出民国重修塑像明显比清代重修塑像制作更精致、艺术水平更高,敦煌艺术中应补充民国塑像的概念。This paper presents a systematic compilation of inscriptions left by artisans such as painters,sculptors,and penters,the contents of which comprehensively discuss renovation activities that occurred at the Dunhuang Caves,including the repainting of murals,rebuilding statues,and renovating cave temples.The inscriptions come from the Western Xia,Yuan and Qing dynasties,as well as the Republic of China,though this research mainly focuses on the statue renovation activities at the end of the Qianlong era and the beginning of the Jiaqing period of the Qing dynasty,and on similar activities in the fourth year of the Republic of China.The study finds that the statues renovated during the Republic of China period are obviously of a much higher artistic level than those renovated in the Qing dynasty,and concludes that the statues from the Republic of China deserve to be considered among the canon of Dunhuang art.

关 键 词：敦煌石窟 题记 工匠 石窟重修 

分 类 号：K870.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]