洞庭湖湿地生物多样性保护与可持续利用管理实践探索  

Management practice of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in Dongting wetland ecosystem

作　　者：傅丽娜 何平 FU Lina;HE Ping(Yongzhou Municipal Forestry Bureau,Yongzhou 425000;GEF Project Management Office,Hunan Provincial Forestry Bureau,Changsha 410007;Forest Resources Management Division,Hunan Provincial Forestry Bureau,Changsha 410007;Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004)

机构地区：[1]永州市林业局,湖南永州425000 [2]湖南省林业局GEF项目办公室,湖南长沙410007 [3]湖南省林业局森林资源管理处,湖南长沙410007 [4]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《林业建设》2024年第5期6-13,共8页Forestry Construction

基　　金：全球环境基金/湖南省林业局/联合国粮食与农业组织项目(GCP/CPR/043/GFF)。

摘　　要：湿地生物多样性是全球陆地生态系统生物多样性的重要组成部分。洞庭湖作为我国第二大淡水湖泊,在保护湿地生物多样性、维持区域生态安全方面起着极其重要的作用。二十一世纪初,洞庭湖湿地生态环境遭到严重破坏,生物多样性减少,制约了经济和社会的可持续发展。为保护生物多样性,解决洞庭湖区域“人与自然之争”导致的湿地生态系统破坏问题,1999年岳阳东洞庭湖保护区实施了第一期“中国湿地生物多样性保护与可持续利用”项目。项目实施过程中,由于对洞庭湖生态系统的整体性、网络化管理和可持续性等方面的考量不足,2014年,湖南省林业局、湖南省财政厅在洞庭湖的四个保护区共同实施了第二期“中国洞庭湖保护区生物多样性保护与可持续利用项目”(GEF)项目。作为联合国粮农组织(FAO)在中国监管和完成的第一个GEF项目,该项目在跨部门协作、湿地共管模式建立、机构管理能力强化、湿地保护主流化程度提高等方面取得了显著成效。项目管理的经验在于适时调整项目产出活动和改善财务管理能力,以适应项目实施和政策环境需要。通过分析问题和不足,提出了今后实施国际项目应着重加强顶层设计、缩短设计至实施间隔期,并及时总结、评估管理实施实践中的成效和不足,分析风险因素对可持续性发展的影响和减缓措施等建议,以期为其它湿地开展生物多样性保护和管理实践提供有益的借鉴。Wetland biodiversity is an important part of global terrestrial ecosystem biodiversity.As the second largest freshwater lake in China,Dongting Lake plays an extremely important role in protecting wetland biodiversity and maintaining regional ecological security.At the beginning of the 21st century,the ecological environment of Dongting Lake was severely damaged,and the biodiversity was reduced,which restricted the sustainable development of economy and society.In order to conserve biological diversity and solve the"dispute between people and nature"in the Dongting Lake area,the East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve launched the project"Wetland Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in China",funded by the Global Environment Facility(GEF)in 1999.Due to the lack of the holistic and networked management and sustainability considerations of Dongting Lake at ecosystem level,the GEF project"Securing Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in China's Dongting Lake Protected Areas"was approved and came into being in 2014.As the first GEF funded project implemented and completed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)in China,this project has achieved remarkable results in cross-sectoral coordination and collaboration,the establishment of wetland co-management demonstration models,the strengthening of institutional management capabilities,and the improvement of the mainstreaming of wetland conservation.The experience of project management lies in timely adjustment of project output activities and improvement of financial management capabilities to meet the needs of project implementation and policy environment.By analyzing the problems and shortcomings,suggestions were put forward that in the future implementation of international projects,emphasis should be placed on strengthening top-level design,shortening the interval between design and implementation,and timely summarizing and evaluating the effectiveness and shortcomings of management and implementation practices.The impact of ri

关 键 词：管理实践 湿地生物多样性 湿地可持续利用 国际生物多样性保护项目 洞庭湖湿地 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学]