电场对复合污泥堆肥中胡敏酸结构特征的影响  

Effects of Electric Field on Structural Characteristics of Humic Acids during Sludge Composting

作　　者：常昊宇 席北斗 孙晓杰[1,2] 陈姝昕[1,2] 王妍 谭知涵 张军 CHANG Haoyu;XI Beidou;SUN Xiaojie;CHEN Shuxin;WANG Yan;TAN Zhihan;ZHANG Jun(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Pollution Simulation and Control of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学,岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541004 [3]中国环境科学研究院,生态环境部地下水污染模拟与控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第11期2590-2598,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(No.2018GXNSFGA281001);国家自然科学基金项目(No.51868011)。

摘　　要：为深入理解电场如何调控堆肥中胡敏酸(humic acid,HA)的形成及其电子转移能力(electron transfer capacity,ETC),本研究采用施加5 V直流电场(电场组)和未施加电场(对照组)两种方式对污泥和玉米秸秆进行了为期30 d的堆肥处理,采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、三维荧光光谱分析以及电化学技术,分析堆肥过程中HA结构组成及其电子转移能力的变化规律。结果表明:在堆肥过程中,特定紫外吸收率(specific ultraviolet absorbance,SUVA436)和226~400 mn区间的吸光度(absorbance,A226~400)基本呈增加趋势,光谱比率(spectral ratio,SR)呈下降趋势。在堆肥结束时,电场组的SUVA436和A226~400显著高于对照组;电场组的SR显著低于对照组。相比于对照组,电场组在1650和1070 cm^(-1)处表现出更强的吸收峰变化。电场组的腐殖化指数(humification index,HIX)和荧光指数(fluorescence index,FI)基本上高于对照组。随着堆肥的进行,HA的ETC不断增加,对照组和电场组HA的ETC分别从开始的491和502μmol/g增至826和913μmol/g,分别提高了0.68倍和0.81倍。对照组和电场组电子接受能力(electron accepting capacity,EAC)的变化范围分别为203~381和257~508μmol/g,施加电场增强了HA的EAC。研究显示,电场促进了HA的腐殖化,增强了其电子接受能力,并且提高了HA中醌类等芳香族化合物含量和电子转移能力;电场导致HA分子量增大,反映了结构复杂度和功能性的提升;电场增强了堆肥中微生物活性,加速了有机物转化和堆肥成熟过程,促进了含氧活性基团的增加及多糖物质的分解。To better understand the effect of an electric field on the formation of humic acid(HA)and its electron-transfer capacity(ETC)during composting,this study conducted a 30-day composting process using sludge and corn stalks by applying a 5 V direct-current electric field(electric field group)and no electric field(control group).UV-VIS spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy,three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy,and electrochemical techniques were employed to analyze the changes in the structural composition of HA and its electron-transfer capabilities during composting.The results showed that the specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA436)and absorbance from 226 to 400 nm(A226–400)generally increased,whereas the spectral ratio(SR)decreased.By the end of composting period,the electric field group exhibited significantly higher SUVA436 and A226–400 and lower SR values than the control group.Additionally,the electric field-1 group exhibited stronger absorption peaks at 1650 and 1070 cm than the control group.The humification index and fluorescence index of the electric field group were generally higher than those of the control group.Throughout the composting process,the ETC of HA increased continuously,with the ETC of the control and electric field groups rising from initial values of 491 and 502µmol/g to 826 and 913µmol/g,respectively,representing an increasing by 0.68 and 0.81 times.The electron-accepting capacity(EAC)was 203-381 and 257-508µmol/g in the control and electric field groups,respectively,indicating that the electric field enhanced the EAC of HA.Overall,this study demonstrates that electric fields promote humification in HA,enhance its EAC,increase its quinone-like aromatic compound content,and boost its ETC.This ultimately leads to an increase in the molecular weight of HA,reflecting increased structural complexity and functionality.Moreover,electric fields enhance microbial activity in the compost,accelerating organic matter transformation and compost maturation processes,and increasing oxygen-ac

关 键 词：电场 堆肥 电子转移能力 胡敏酸 结构组成 平行因子分析 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]