五氯酚钠胁迫对凡纳滨对虾生理生化和组织结构的影响  

Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenol Stress on Physiology,Biochemistry and Histopathological Structure of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：刘志伟 李敏[2] 滕爽爽[2] 黄晓林[2] 肖国强 LIU Zhiwei;LI Min;TENG Shuangshuang;HUANG Xiaolin;XIAO Guoqiang(School of Ocean Science and Technology,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization,Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Wenzhou 325005,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋科学与技术学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,全省近岸生物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,温州市海洋生物遗传育种重点实验室,浙江温州325005

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第6期875-884,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN21C190008);中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目(2023ZY1056);温州市基础公益科研项目(N2022022);浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所横向项目(JS2021065)。

摘　　要：采用生物毒性测试的方法,将体质量(13.41±1.97)g的凡纳滨对虾暴露于五氯酚钠质量浓度为0(对照组)、0.87、8.74 mg/L的海水中20 d,分别在第1、10和20天从每组随机取15尾凡纳滨对虾,测定耗氧率、排氨率以及肝胰腺中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、Na^(+)-K+-ATP酶活性和丙二醛含量,并在第20天时采用苏木精-伊红染色观察肝胰腺和鳃组织结构变化。结果显示:五氯酚钠胁迫后,低质量浓度组和高质量浓度组的耗氧率、排氨率显著降低(P<0.05);氧氮比逐渐增大,在第20天出现最大值,分别为(59.2±4.4)和(18.9±6.1);试验组对虾肝胰腺中丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、Na^(+)-K+-ATP酶活性显著降低(P<0.05);两个试验组的肝胰腺和鳃可见明显病理变化,具体表现为肝胰腺小管肿大、基膜破损、空泡化严重、星状管腔变形,鳃上皮细胞脱落、鳃角质层结构受到破坏,鳃局部空泡化等。试验结果表明:五氯酚钠胁迫能够显著影响凡纳滨对虾的呼吸、排泄以及酶活性,使其供能方式由蛋白质分解转变为脂肪和蛋白质混合分解;五氯酚钠胁迫后,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和鳃均出现不同程度的病变,说明其代谢系统和呼吸系统受到严重损伤。本试验结果揭示了五氯酚钠对凡纳滨对虾生理代谢、酶活性和组织结构的影响,为甲壳类对五氯酚钠胁迫的响应机制提供基础数据。The acute toxicity and chronic stress tests of sodium pentachlorophenol to Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were carried out at water temperature of 26—29℃by using the method of biological toxicity test.In the acute toxicity test,the Pacific white shrimp with body weight of(13.41±1.97)g was placed in 30 L of sodium pentachlorophenol solution at concentrations of 0(control group),50,70,90,110,130,and 150 mg/L.In the chronic stress test,the Pacific white shrimp with the same size above was exposed to seawater with sodium pentachlorophenol concentrations of 0 mg/L(control group),0.87 mg/L and 8.74 mg/L for 20 days.The oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate,activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,and Na^(+)-K+-ATPase and malondialdehyde content in the hepatopancreas were measured in 15 individuals of Pacific white shrimp randomly sampled from each group on the 1st,10th and 20th days,respectively,and the changes of hepatopancreas and gill tissue structure stained by hematoxylin-eosin was histologically observed on the 20th day.The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of sodium pentachlorophenol against Pacific white shrimp were found to be 103.75 mg/L at 48 h and 87.44 mg/L at 96 h,respectively,with the safe concentrations of 1.04 mg/L at 48 h and 0.87 mg/L at 96 h(0.01×LC_(50)).Results showed that there were significant decrease in oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in low-concentration group and high-concentration group under the stress of sodium pentachlorophenol stress(P<0.05).The O∶N was shown to be gradually increased,with the maximum values of(59.2±4.4)and(18.9±6.1)on the 20th day in both treatment groups,respectively,indicating that energy supply mode of Pacific white shrimp changed from protein decomposition to mixed decomposition of fat and protein.The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,and Na^(+)-K+-ATPase in the hepatopancreas were significantly lower than t

关 键 词：五氯酚钠 凡纳滨对虾 生理生化 组织结构 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]