星形胶质细胞转分化在神经退行性疾病治疗中的研究现状  

Research Status of Astrocyte Transdifferentiation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

作　　者：闫楚涵 米日妮萨·凯才尔 米亚静 YAN Chuhan;MirinisaKaicaier;MI Yajing(Clinical Medical College,Xi'an Medical University,Xi'an 710021,China;Cell Biology and Medical Genetics Teaching and Research Section,Department of Basic Medical Sciences,Xi'an Medical University,Xi'an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安医学院临床医学院,西安710021 [2]西安医学院基础医学部细胞生物学与医学遗传学教研室,西安710021

出　　处：《神经损伤与功能重建》2024年第11期655-659,共5页Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nogo-A抑制铁死亡延缓亨廷顿舞蹈症进程的作用机制及转化医学研究,No.81873740)。

摘　　要：神经退行性疾病(ND)的临床治疗大多只能缓解症状,近年来随着细胞重编程技术的不断发展,有望实现退化丢失神经元的转化再生。星形胶质细胞(AS)广泛存在于中枢神经系统(CNS),生理状态下参与维持CNS功能稳定。AS转分化具有排异率低,微环境毒性小的优势,已应用于ND的治疗研究。本文重点介绍了近些年AS转分化治疗各类ND的多项研究,包括其动物模型、载体工具、靶向分子、诱导神经元的种类、治疗效果。其中进展最明显的是帕金森病(PD),多种不同的诱导方式均可将AS成功重编程为多巴胺能神经元,并且模型小鼠的症状有一定程度的改善。但是对于分化细胞的来源问题以及治疗效果仍然存在一定的分歧。最新研发的谱系靶向追踪技术可以更准确地确认诱导细胞的来源。此外,诱导细胞成活率及长期影响、重编程AS的年龄依赖性等问题也有待进一步探讨。Most of the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases(ND)can only relieve the symptoms.In recent years,with the continuous development of cellular reprogramming technology,the regenerative transformation of degenerate and lost neurons has become a possibility.Astrocytes(ASs),widely present in the central nervous system(CNS),participate in maintaining the functional stability of the CNS under physiological conditions.AS transdifferentiation,characterized by low rejection rates and minimal microenvironment toxicity,has been applied in ND treatment research.This article focuses on various studies in recent years on AS transdifferentiation for the treatment of various NDs,including animal models,vector tools,target molecules,types of induced neurons,and treatment effects.Among them,the most significant progress has been made in Parkinson's disease(PD),where multiple different induction methods have successfully reprogrammed ASs into dopaminergic neurons,resulting in some improvement in symptoms in model mice.However,there are still disagreements regarding the origin of differentiated cells and treatment effects.The newly developed lineage-targeting tracing technology can more accurately confirm the origin of induced cells.Additionally,issues such as the survival rate and long-term effects of induced cells,as well as the age dependence of reprogramming ASs,require further investigation.

关 键 词：星形胶质细胞 转分化 神经退行性疾病 治疗 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] R741.02[医药卫生—临床医学]