论《学位法》中学位授予具体标准的制定  

On the formulation of specific standards for degree awarding in the Academic Degree Law

作　　者：伏创宇 FU Chuangyu(Law School,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学法学院,北京102488

出　　处：《高校教育管理》2024年第6期43-55,共13页Journal of Higher Education Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BFX010)。

摘　　要：《学位法》对学位授予单位制定学位授予具体标准提出了新的要求。在制定模式上,学位授予具体标准的制定宜采用一般标准与个别标准并行的模式,学位评定分委员会属于重要的参与主体,基于授权可以围绕专业条件制定严于一般标准的个别标准。在制定内容上,非专业标准与专业标准的制定应当在《学位法》的法律目的、法律精神与法定原则的范围内展开,避免适用标准更严格的比例原则或缺乏清晰内涵的合理性标准。在制定程序上,学位授予具体标准的制定不宜简单套用行政规范性文件制定的程序,除了公开、参与等因素,学位授予具体标准的制定程序还应当融入“学术自治权”因素,并涵盖法定程序与正当程序。在合法性审查上,国家应当在形式合法性监督之外,建构对学位授予具体标准的实质合法性监督机制,强化法院对学位授予具体标准的司法审查,完善学位主管机关对学位授予具体标准的备案审查。合法性审查标准包括权限审查、相抵触审查、程序审查以及一定程度的合理性审查。The Academic Degree Law puts forward new requirements for degree-conferring units to formulate specific standards for degree-conferring.In terms of the formulation mode,the formulation of specific standards for degree awarding should adopt the parallel mode of general standards and individual standards.The sub-committee of degree assessment is an important participant,and individual standards stricter than general standards can be formulated around professional conditions based on authorization.In terms of the formulation content,the formulation of non-professional standards and professional standards should be carried out within the scope of the legal purpose,legal spirit and statutory principles of the Academic Degree Law,avoiding the application of the stricter principle of proportionality or the lack of a clear connotation of the rationality standard.In terms of formulation procedures,the formulation of specific standards for degree awarding should not simply apply the procedures for the formulation of administrative normative documents.In addition to factors such as openness and participation,the formulation procedures for specific standards for degree awarding should also incorporate the factors of academic autonomy and cover legal procedures and due procedures.In terms of legality review,the state should,in addition to the formal legality supervision,construct the substantive legality supervision mechanism for the specific standards of degree awarding,strengthen the judicial review of the specific standards of degree awarding by the court,and improve the archival review of the specific standards of degree awarding by the degree authorities.The criterion of legality review includes authority review,conflict review,procedure review and some degree of reasonableness review.

关 键 词：《学位法》 《学位条例》 学位授予 学位授予条件 学位授予具体标准 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]