环境病原微生物研究数据库及数据挖掘方法  

Databases and Data Mining Methods for Environmental Pathogen Research

作　　者：王尚[1] 冯凯[1] 李曈 王洁 顾松松 杨兴盛 李春格 邓晔[1,2] WANG Shang;FENG Kai;LI Tong;WANG Jie;GU Song-song;YANG Xing-sheng;LI Chun-geDENG Ye(CAS Key Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Beijing 100085;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院环境生物技术重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国地质大学(北京)中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第10期221-232,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3204703);国家自然科学基金项目(42277104)。

摘　　要：环境生物安全与社会稳定、人类健康及国防安全等多个关键领域密切相关。鉴于气候变化以及人类活动对生态系统不断加大的压力,未知病原体从环境中溢出的风险显著增加。当前的研究方法多集中于已知病原体的检测与分析,然而,组学技术及其相关生物信息学技术的快速发展与应用,为识别未知环境病原体及预警潜在的环境健康风险提供了新的机遇与解决方案。这些技术的发展不仅促进了对微生物与动物、人类以及环境之间相互作用关系的理解,更是实现“同一健康(One Health)”理念的重要组成部分。本文概述了全球变化对环境病原体逸出的影响及其引发的健康风险,从数据存储、数据分析到数据挖掘三个维度对生物信息学在环境病原体研究中的应用与进展进行了深入探讨,对当前领域内存在的问题进行了剖析,并对未来利用大数据进行环境病原体检测与风险评估的应用前景进行了展望。Environmental biosafety is closely related to social stability,human health,and even national defense security.Due to increasing pressure from climate change and anthropogenic activity,there is a risk of pathogenic‘spillover’and‘spillback’.Current technologies are primarily designed for known pathogens.The rapid development and application of metagenomics-based bioinformatics may provide new opportunities and solutions for identifying unknown environmental pathogens and early warning of potential environmental health risks.The development of these technologies has not only promoted an understanding of the interactions between microbes and animals,humans,and the environment,but also is an important part of the concept of the One Health framework.This review briefly discusses the pathogenic‘spillover’and the increasing environmental health risks under global change.The focus is on bioinformatics technology in environmental biosafety study,covering data storage,processing,and mining.Finally,the review provide perspectives on big data-driven pathogen environmental risk assessment and new methods for pathogen control in the metagenomics era.

关 键 词：环境生物安全 大数据 病原微生物 全球变化 环境健康风险 

分 类 号：R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]