重审政治经济学批判语境中的“劳动所有权”观念  

Re-examining the Concept of“The Labor Theory of Property”in the Context of the Critique of Political Economy

作　　者：孙亮[1] Sun Liang

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化所,上海200241

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2024年第9期57-67,共11页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“马克思政治经济学批判视域下的认知资本主义研究”(23AZX002)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“劳动所有权”是政治哲学的核心命题。斯密将洛克的观念融入政治经济学话语中,并觉察到“劳动所有权”中“劳动和所有权的同一性”与交换价值“第二种规定”是矛盾的,但他只是将这种矛盾发生的根源归结为违背了价值规律而已。马克思引入“劳动力”概念,指明“劳动所有权”已经成为“占有他人劳动”的所有权的一套辩护说辞,其前提则是劳动与所有权的分离,最终遮蔽了资本主义生产方式剥削的本质。通过将“劳动所有权”引入政治经济学批判,马克思明确地呈现出“劳动所有权”中的拜物教思维,这一思维不仅刻意宣称资本主义生产方式的“自然属性”,而且遮蔽了商品经济的结构才是促使“占有他人劳动”的现实基础。“The labor theory of property”is a core proposition in political philosophy.Adam Smith integrated John Locke’s concept into the discourse of political economy and recognized that the“identity of labor and property”inherent in“the labor theory of property”contradicts the“second determination”of exchange value.However,Smith merely attributed this contradiction to a violation of the law of value.Karl Marx,by introducing the concept of“labor power”(Arbeitskraft),pointed out that“the labor theory of property”had become a justification for the ownership of others’labor,based on the separation of labor from property,ultimately obscuring the exploitative nature of the capitalist mode of production.By embedding“the labor theory of property”within the critique of political economy,Marx clearly revealed the fetishism within“the labor theory of property,”a mentality that deliberately asserts the“natural attributes”of the capitalist mode of production,further concealing the fact that the structure of commodity economy is the real basis for the property of others’labor.

关 键 词：政治经济学批判 劳动所有权 资本主义 拜物教 生产方式 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]