人工智能技术的哲学审视  

A Philosophical Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology

作　　者：毛云帆 毛明芳[1] MAO Yunfan;MAO Mingfang

机构地区：[1]中共湖南省委党校,湖南长沙410006

出　　处：《湖南开放大学学报》2024年第3期61-67,共7页Journal of Hunan Open University

基　　金：湖南省研究生科研创新项目“人工智能的伦理本质、伦理挑战和伦理治理”(CX20231307);国家社科基金项目“新时代防范化解科技重大风险的哲学方法论研究”(21BZX050)。

摘　　要：人工智能自20世纪40年代出现以来一直备受学术界关注,其作为智能时代最具发展潜力的技术产物,已初步具备自主学习和创造规则的能力。人工智能的技术表征与人类认知图式具有对应关系,在感性认知、人机交互和理性认知三个层面均有体现。从研发历史来看,人工智能是以物理符号主义、联结主义和逻辑主义为研究范式,以神经网络型、知情内省-黑箱型、专家系统型、强化学习型为技术逻辑的一类人工制造物。依托实证主义、反实证主义、历史主义科学哲学三种视角,阐述人工智能技术的本质是以技术为支撑、以技术革新为内容、以外部性认识为表征的“集”的论点,从而达成对人工智能技术更为全面的认识。Since its emergence in the 1940s,artificial intelligence has attracted much attention from the academic community.As the most promising technological product in the era of intelligence,artificial intelligence has initially possessed the ability to learn independently and create rules.The technical representation of artificial intelligence has a corresponding relationship with human cognitive schema,which can be reflected in perceptual cognition,human-computer interaction and rational cognition.From the perspective of research and development history,artificial intelligence takes physical symbolism,connectionism and logicalism as research paradigms,and neural network,informed introspection-black box,expert system,and reinforcement learning as a kind of artificial manufacturing of technical logic.Based on three perspectives of positivism,anti-positivism and historicism,this paper explores the argument that the essence of artificial intelligence technology is"set",which is supported by technology,characterized by technological innovation and externality cognition,so as to get a more comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence technology.

关 键 词：人工智能 技术表征 技术逻辑 技术本质 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]