《周易》蒙卦与宋代理学的内圣外王观念——以《程氏易传》为中心的考察  

A Study on Neo-Confucianism’s Explanation of Meng Hexagram in the Book of Changes and Their Ideas about“Sage Inside and King Outside”

作　　者：刘增光[1] Liu Zengguang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2024年第6期29-36,共8页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“《孝经》发展史”(20FZXB022);中国人民大学2024年度中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项。

摘　　要：以程颐《程氏易传》为主的宋代义理派易学对蒙卦的注解,产生于宋代帝王与士大夫共治天下的政治现实中。通过考察程颐以及其他理学家对于《周易》蒙卦的注解,可以发现,蒙卦就是宋代理学内圣外王观的凝缩。宋儒学以至圣的内圣观和师道立则天下治的外王观都可以透过对于蒙卦的分析、阐释展现出来,这既和唐代中期以来的师道复兴运动有关,又关涉道学宗主周敦颐的引导。程颐就对蒙卦《彖传》解释文字中的“蒙以养正”赋予了修养工夫的理学化解释,而对蒙卦六五爻和九二爻关系之解释,则体现了他对宋代政治的构想和期望。理学从本体论和人性论对教化之本源的追溯,是儒学发展的一大转折。如果说以董仲舒为代表的儒学是“政治型儒学”的话,那么理学则是“教化型儒学”。Cheng Yi’s Annotation of the Book of Changes represents a philosophical interpretation of the Meng hexagram in the Book of Changes in Neo-Confucianism during the Song Dynasty,rooted in political reality that emperors and literati ruled together in Song Dynasty.By investigating Cheng Yi and other Neo-Confucianists’annotations on Meng hexagram,we can find that Meng hexagram is the condensation of the concept of“sage inside and king outside”in Neo-Confucianism,which is not only related to the revival movement of teachers’morality since the mid-Tang Dynasty,but also related to the instruction of Zhou Dunyi,the pioneer of Neo-Confucianism.Cheng Yi gave a Neo-Confucianism explanation of the theory of self-cultivation in his explanation of“the method of dealing with the young and ignorant is to nourish the correct”,and his insights into the relationship between the fifth six hexagram and the second Nine hexagram reflected his ideas and expectations for the politics of the Song Dynasty.Neo-Confucianism pursued the root of enlightenment from ontology and human nature theory,which is a major turning point in the development of Confucianism.If Confucianism represented by Dong Zhongshu is“political Confucianism”,then Neo-Confucianism is kind of“edificatory Confucianism”.

关 键 词：蒙卦 程颐 理学 内圣外王 

分 类 号：B244.7[哲学宗教—中国哲学]