就业促进还是就业抑制:对接国际环境标准与企业劳动雇佣  

Employment promotion or suppression:corporate labor employment conforming to international environmental standards

作　　者：于连超 耿弘基 杨浩祥 王雷[1] YU Lianchao;GENG Hongji;YANG Haoxiang;WANG Lei(School of Management,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学管理学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第9期102-112,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“环境监管数字化转型与企业环保应对研究:来自设立污染源在线监控系统的视角”(批准号:72302111);重庆市自然科学基金项目“重庆市农业全产业链数字化转型升级测度与作用机制研究”(批准号:CSTB2022NSCQ-BHX0733);重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目“数据协同视角下丘陵山区农机社会化服务模式创新研究”(批准号:KJQN202200816);兰州大学管理学院大学生科研创新培育项目“对接国际环境高标准与企业劳动雇佣:就业促进还是就业抑制?”(批准号:2024081)。

摘　　要：对接国际环境标准是推进更高水平的制度型开放和更深层次的生态文明建设的本质要求。该研究以ISO 14001环境标准为准绳,创新性地构建了对接国际环境标准的评价体系,并运用2010—2021年沪深A股上市公司的经验数据,探讨了对接国际环境标准的就业效应。研究发现:①对接国际环境标准显著促进了企业劳动雇佣,表现为“就业促进效应”。②影响机制分析表明,对接国际环境标准的就业促进效应是通过经营风险机制和资源获取机制实现的,其中经营风险机制表现为降低了企业环境处罚、企业环境税收等政策风险,供应商集中度、客户集中度等供应链风险;资源获取机制表现为提高了企业政府补助、企业信贷融资、企业商业信用融资等资源获取。③边界条件分析发现,当产权性质为非国有、行业竞争激烈以及金融生态环境较差时,对接国际环境标准的就业促进效应更显著。④拓展性分析表明,对接国际环境标准显著优化了企业劳动力结构,表现出企业劳动力学历结构和岗位结构明显改善;对接国际环境标准的就业促进效应具有市场溢出效应,表现出市场类型为国际市场和国内市场的企业劳动雇佣均明显增加。该研究的政策含义在于:①政府层面,加快对接国际环境标准,推进国内和国际环境标准的协同联动,改善劳动力市场。②企业层面,积极对接国际环境标准,扩大劳动力规模,优化劳动力结构。③劳动者层面,优化对接国际环境标准新形势下的择业就业观,提升就业竞争力。Conforming to international environmental standards(IESs)is a fundamental requirement for promoting more advanced economic liberalization and ecological civilization.Based on the ISO 14001 environmental standards,this article presented a novel evaluation system for assessing compliance with IESs and utilized empirical data from A-share listed companies between 2010 and 2021 to investigate the employment effect of conforming to these standards.The findings were as follows:①Conforming to IESs significantly stimulated corporate labor employment,characterized as an‘employment promotion effect.’②Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that this employment promotion effect was driven by two factors:business risk and resource acquisition.Business risk mitigation was evident through reductions of policy risks such as environmental penalties and taxes,as well as supply chain risks associated with supplier and customer concentration.Resource acquisition was demonstrated through enhanced access to government subsidies,credit financing,and trade credit financing.③Boundary condition analysis demonstrated that the employment promotion effect was particularly pronounced when property rights were non-state,the industry was highly competitive,and the financial ecological environment was unfavorable.④Expansion analysis illustrated that conforming to IESs significantly improved corporate labor structures,particularly enhancing the education and position-related attributes of the workforce.Additionally,the employment promotion effect extended beyond firm boundaries,generating market spillover effects leading to increased labor employment in both domestic and international markets.The policy implications of this study are as follows:①The government should accelerate the process of corporate labor employment conforming to IESs,promote synergy between domestic and international environmental standards,and improve the labor market.②Enterprises should actively conform to IESs,expand the scale of the labor force,and

关 键 词：国际环境标准 ISO 14001 劳动雇佣 劳动力规模 劳动力结构 劳动力市场 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F272.92[经济管理—企业管理]