地权依赖:土地发展权过度转移与失地农民市民化困境  

Land right dependence:excessive transfer of land development rights and the dilem⁃ma of landless farmers'citizenization

作　　者：王子阳 WANG Ziyang(School of Politics and Public Administration,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学政治与公共管理学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第9期193-200,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(批准号:22&ZD173)。

摘　　要：城镇化的高质量发展取决于失地农民市民化转型的完成度,而土地发展权配置对市民化内涵演变至关重要,因此探究城镇化进程中的土地发展权配置与失地农民市民化关系具有较强的理论意义和现实必要性。既有关于失地农民市民化的主要研究普遍认为需要增权于民,但却难以解释为何部分地区失地农民土地权利密集与市民化转型迟缓同生并存的现实。基于此,该研究采用质性研究方法,以珠三角城郊失地农民作为研究对象,系统地论证土地发展权配置是如何影响农民市民化发展进程及其社会性后果。研究结果表明:①囿于历史与制度等原因,珠三角城郊失地农民长期享有着较为充分的土地发展权配置,但是失地农民并没有真正完成市民化转型,反而在市场就业、居住选择和社会场域等方面呈现出多重反市民化现象。②究其实质在于,珠三角地区土地发展权过度转移强化了失地农民对土地增值收益的高度依赖,致使大部分失地农民不断地“再乡土化”,进而形塑出反市民化结构,最终造成其日趋脱嵌于现代城市发展体系。这意味着,土地发展权的赋权并不必然等同于失地农民市民化能力的获得。③据此,需要校正目前珠三角地区土地发展权配置偏差,在保障失地农民合法权益的前提下,逐渐推动土地发展权配置由过度型向适度型转变。为此,一是需要强化政府土地发展统筹,明晰权利归属法律主体;二是应优化征地补偿方式,促进土地增值收益分配的公共性和公益性;三是有必要建立失地农民诉求的甄别和回应机制体系,完善土地征收与收益分配的制度监督。The high-quality development of urbanization depends on the completion of landless farmers'transition to urban citizenship,with the allocation of land development rights being crucial to the connotation evolution of this citizenization process.Therefore,it is of strong theoretical significance and practical necessity to explore the relationship between the allocation of land development rights and the citizenization of landless farmers in the process of urbanization.Existing studies on the citizenization of landless farmers generally argue that increasing people's rights is necessary,but find it difficult to explain why intensive land rights of landless farmers coexist with slow transitions of citizenization in some areas.Based on this,this study adopted the qualitative research method and took the landless farmers in the suburbs of the Pearl River Delta as the research subject to systematically demonstrate how the allocation of land development rights affected the process of farmers'citizenization and its social consequences.The results showed that:①Due to historical and institutional reasons,landless farmers in the Pearl River Delta had long enjoyed relatively adequate allocations of land development rights,but they had not really completed their transition of citizenization.Instead,multiple anti-citizenization phenomena were present in aspects such as market employment,residence choice,and social field.②The excessive transfer of land development rights in the Pearl River Delta strengthened the high dependence of landless farmers on the value-added income from land,resulting in the continuous‘re-localization’of most landless farmers,shaping an anti-citizenization structure,and ultimately causing them to become increasingly disembedded from the modern urban development system.This means that the empowerment of land development rights is not necessarily equivalent to landless farmers'acquisition of citizenization ability.③Therefore,it is necessary to correct the deviation of land development right alloc

关 键 词：失地农民 市民化 土地发展权 城镇化发展 珠三角 城郊村 

分 类 号：F229[经济管理—国民经济]