小鼠近视模型的影响因素及研究进展  

Influencing factors and research progress in the mouse model of myopia

作　　者：刘素素(综述) 石梦海 张红敏(审校) Liu Susu;Shi Menghai;Zhang Hongmin(Henan Provincial People's Hospital,Henan Eye Hospital,Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science,Department of Ophthalmology,Zhengzhou University People's Hospital,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省人民医院、河南省立眼科医院、河南省眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室、郑州大学人民医院眼科,郑州450003

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2024年第11期1065-1072,共8页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(LHGJ20210073)。

摘　　要：近年来,近视患病率居高不下,已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。对近视发病机制的深入探索有助于实现近视的精准防控。动物模型是研究发病机理和防治方法的重要工具。小鼠是常用的实验动物,具有易繁殖饲养、可基因编辑等优势,在近视机理研究中备受青睐。然而,由于小鼠眼球较小,增加了屈光度和眼轴精准测量的难度,且正常小鼠屈光度随周龄变化规律与人类相反。本文综述了小鼠眼部组织结构特点,包括角膜、晶状体、玻璃体、视网膜和巩膜,以及小鼠屈光发育规律和近视模型的制作和判定方法的最新进展,以期为后续开展近视研究时选择适合的模型动物和建模方法提供参考。In recent years,the high prevalence of myopia has become a global public health concern.Understanding the mechanism will help to achieve precise prevention and treatment of myopia.Animal models are important tools for studying the pathogenesis and prevention strategies.Mice are commonly used in myopia research,because they are easy to breed,feed and genetically manipulate.However,their small eye size makes it difficult to accurately measure the changes in biological parameters such as refraction and axial length.In addition,the refractive developmental pattern of mice is opposite to that of humans.This article reviews the structural features of the mouse cornea,lens,vitreous body,retina and sclera,the pattern of refractive development,and the latest progress about the establishment and evaluation of murine myopia models to provide some hints and references for further research.

关 键 词：近视 小鼠 屈光发育 形觉剥夺 光学离焦 屈光度 眼轴长度 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科] R-332[医药卫生—临床医学]