出土文献成语的用字差异及其价值探析  

A Study of the Differences in Character Usage and Value of Idioms in Excavated Documents

作　　者：何余华 李茵茵 HE Yuhua;LI Yinyin(School of Chinese Language and Literature/Research Center for the Inheritance,Dissemination and Education of the Chinese Characters Civilization,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学文学院/汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《湖北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期1-8,共8页Journal of Hubei Normal University（Philosophy and Social Science）

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“东汉至唐朝出土文献汉语用字研究”(21&ZD295);河南省高校中华优秀传统文化传承发展专项重点课题“出土文献与中国古代语言学史的阐释及重构研究”(2023-WHZX-31)。

摘　　要：成语作为汉语中具有固定格式的短语,它的用字演变与整体意义之间存在着复杂的互动关系。出土文献保留了成语较早的文字资料,从出土文献和传世文献出发对成语语素的用字进行共时描写和历时比较,发现成语沿用过程中既存在用字当代化的现象,也出现过用字存古滞后的现象。这是字词演变的客观规律、成语结构的稳固性、人们使用成语追求典雅性和文本载体的性质复杂多样等因素综合作用的结果。归纳成语语素的用字差异具有多方面的语料价值,有助于揭示成语的源初意义、探求成语意义的生成途径、梳理成语的发展演变脉络。As fixed-format phrases in Chinese,idioms exhibit complex interactions between their evolving characters and overall meanings.Excavated documents preserve early textual materials of idioms,through synchronic description and diachronic comparative analysis based on excavated and transmitted texts,it is found that in the process of idiom usage,there are phenomena of contemporary character usage as well as phenomena of archaic or outdated character usage.This is the result of various factors,including the objective laws of word and character evolution,the stability of idiom structures,the pursuit of elegance in idiom usage,and the complex and diverse nature of textual carriers.Summarizing differences in characters usage of idiom holds diverse corpus value,such as uncovering the original meanings of idioms,exploring pathways of idiom meaning generation,and tracing the developmental evolution of idioms.

关 键 词：出土文献 成语 字词关系 用字差异 语料 

分 类 号：H021[语言文字—语言学]