The unique immune evasion mechanisms of the mpox virus and their implication for developing new vaccines and immunotherapies  

作　　者：Dong Fang Yan Liu Dou Dou Bin Su 

机构地区：[1]Department of Health Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing,100085,China [2]Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research,Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100069,China [3]Central Laboratory,Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,100069,China

出　　处：《Virologica Sinica》2024年第5期709-718,共10页中国病毒学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018 to B.S.);Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.

摘　　要：Mpox is an infectious and contagious zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus(MPXV),which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.Since 2022,MPXV has posed a significant threat to global public health.The emergence of thousands of cases across the Western Hemisphere prompted the World Health Organization to declare an emergency.The extensive coevolutionary history of poxviruses with humans has enabled these viruses to develop sophisticated mechanisms to counter the human immune system.Specifically,MPXV employs unique immune evasion strategies against a wide range of immunological elements,presenting a considerable challenge for treatment,especially following the discontinuation of routine smallpox vaccination among the general population.In this review,we start by discussing the entry of the mpox virus and the onset of early infection,followed by an introduction to the mechanisms by which the mpox virus can evade the innate and adaptive immune responses.Two caspase-1 inhibitory proteins and a PKR escape-related protein have been identified as phylogenomic hubs involved in modulating the immune environment during the MPXV infection.With respect to adaptive immunity,mpox viruses exhibit unique and exceptional T-cell inhibition capabilities,thereby comprehensively remodeling the host immune environment.The viral envelope also poses challenges for the neutralizing effects of antibodies and the complement system.The unique immune evasion mechanisms employed by MPXV make novel multi-epitope and nucleic acid-based vaccines highly promising research directions worth investigating.Finally,we briefly discuss the impact of MPXV infection on immunosuppressed patients and the current status of MPXV vaccine development.This review may provide valuable information for the development of new immunological treatments for mpox.

关 键 词：Immune response Immune evasion Mpox virus(MPXV) IMMUNOPATHOLOGY DNA sensing 

分 类 号：R392-33[医药卫生—免疫学]