重金属污染水环境的微生物修复技术  

Microbial remediation of heavy metal-polluted water

作　　者：王梁燕[1] 戴商 金妙仁 洪奇华[2] WANG Liangyan;DAI Shang;JIN Miaoren;HONG Qihua(Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection,Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,Zhejiang,China;Healthy(Hangzhou)Husbandry Sci-tech Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 311200,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院教育部生物系统稳态与保护重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学动物科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [3]杭州海尔希畜牧科技有限公司,浙江杭州311200

出　　处：《生物工程学报》2024年第10期3427-3440,共14页Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN22C010002)。

摘　　要：水环境的重金属污染已成为全球环境问题,威胁着水生生态系统和人类健康。传统的物理和化学方法虽然可以有效地去除重金属污染物,但成本高、操作复杂、易造成二次污染,限制了其应用。生物修复是消除多种有毒污染物的有效方法。细菌、真菌、微藻等微生物能将有毒重金属转化为毒性较小的形式,已成为水环境重金属污染修复中有效且环保的解决方案。本文综述了重金属污染的毒性和作用机制、微生物修复机理以及主要的微生物修复策略,为去除或减少水域环境的金属污染物以及进行相关工艺开发提供了参考。Heavy metal pollution in water has become a global environmental problem,threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health.Physical and chemical methods can effectively remove heavy metal pollutants,while their applications are limited due to the high costs,complex operation,and susceptibility to secondary pollution.Bioremediation is the most promising method for eliminating toxic pollutants.Microorganisms including bacteria,fungi,and algae can convert toxic heavy metals into less toxic forms,which has become an effective and environmentally friendly solution for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in water environments.This paper expounds the toxicity and mechanism of heavy metal pollution,microbial remediation mechanisms,and primary microbial remediation strategies,providing a reference for the removal or reduction of metal pollutants in water environments as well as the development of related technologies.

关 键 词：重金属 水污染 微生物修复 基因工程 联合修复 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]