文化如何影响行动:美国文化社会学的三种理论研究路径  

How Culture Affects Action:Three Research Approaches in American Cultural Sociology

作　　者：王蹊 WANG Xi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2024年第6期230-252,共23页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：本文梳理了美国文化社会学中有关文化如何影响行动的三种理论研究路径——价值观路径、工具箱路径和认知路径。价值观路径试图阐释文化作为整体价值体系如何通过人格对行动产生影响。在批评价值观路径的基础上,工具箱路径将文化视为可随时取用的工具,并强调文化与行动之间行动策略的重要性。认知路径则是对前两种路径的批评和超越,通过吸收认知心理学的理论资源,该路径聚焦于兼具文化的超个体性和模式化表征的“图式解释”,将文化影响行动的过程区分为文化习得、文化共享和文化激活。对上述三种路径的讨论有助于我们重新认识中国文化传统中的知行观,推进建设具有中国特色的文化社会学。s:This paper reviews three theoretical research paths on how culture influences action in American cultural sociology:the value,toolbox,and cognitive paths.The values path attempts to explain how culture as a whole value system influences action through personality.Based on criticizing the values path,the toolbox path regards culture as a tool that can be readily accessed.It emphasizes the importance of action strategies between culture and action.The cognitive path is the criticism and transcendence of the first two paths.By absorbing the theoretical resources of cognitive psychology,this approach focuses on the""schema explanation"that combines both the superindividuality and the stereotypical representation of culture,and divides the process of how culture influences action into cultural acquisition,cultural sharing,and cultural activation.The discussion of the above three approaches is helpful for us to re-understand the concept of"view of knowledge and action"in Chinese cultural tradition and promote the construction of cultural sociology with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：文化社会学 价值观 工具箱 认知 知行观 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理] G171.2[社会学]