代理视域下人工智能体缔约研究  

A Study on Contract Formation by Artificial Intelligence Agent from Perspective of Agency

作　　者：郭少飞[1] GUO Shaofei

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2024年第6期66-83,共18页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

摘　　要：数智时代,人工智能尤其生成式人工智能开始广泛应用,构造出人、人工智能体等非人行动者组成的智能技术交易系统,交易行为结构呈现鲜明的数字化、虚拟化、智慧化特征,加剧了缔约的复杂性、非线性及混沌态,导致基于人工智能工具论的算法合同效力认定、法律责任归属等陷入困境。对此,有必要转换思路,赋予人工智能体有限法律人格,将其厘定为当事人的代理人。依据代理制度,对于人工智能体缔约,采取法律推定拟制方法,基于人设置利用智能体的行为,认定两者之间的代理关系。一旦人工智能体超越预期,原则上由本人承担相应风险责任,除非超越程度过巨,导致双方利益严重失衡或显失公平。在算法合同效力判定基准中,本人行为能力、真意的作用弱化,意思表示以外观为主。效力瑕疵涉及人工智能体背后之人、相对人、第三人,以及合同当事人的人工智能体、第三方人工智能体等非人,缘于不同行动者的瑕疵事由对合同效力的影响存在显著差异。In the era of data and intelligence,artificial intelligence(AI)is widely used to construct intelligent technology transaction systems composed of humans and non-human actors such as AI agent.The transaction structure presents distinct characteristics of digitization,virtualization,and intelligence,which exacerbates the complexity,non-linearity and chaos of contract conclusion,leading to difficulties in determination of algorithmic contract effectiveness and attribution of legal liability based on AI tool theory.Therefore,it is necessary to change our thinking and endow AI agent with limited legal personality,defining it as the agent of the parties involved.According to the agency legislation,in the process of contract formation through AI agent,a legal presumption method is adopted,based on the behavior of human beings using AI agent to determine the agency relationship between them.Once AI agent exceeds expectations,the principle shall bear the corresponding risk and responsibility,unless the degree of exceeding is too great to result in a serious imbalance of interests between both parties or obvious unfairness.In the benchmarks for determining the effectiveness of algorithmic contracts,the role of the principal’s behavioral ability and true intention is weakened,and the expression of intention is mainly based on behavioral appearance.The defects in effectiveness involve person behind AI agent,counter-parties,third parties,as well as non-human actors such as AI of the contract parties or third parties.There are significant differences in the impact of defects from different actors on the effectiveness of algorithm contract.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 人工智能体 非人行动者 缔约 数字代理法 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]