微纳物质对细菌抗生素耐药性形成与传播的双刃效应  

Two-edged effects of micro/nanomaterials on the formation and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance

作　　者：胡小婕[1] 张玲玉 盛优莹 高彦征[1] HU XiaoJie;ZHANG LingYu;SHENG YouYing;GAO YanZheng(Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学土壤有机污染控制与修复研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2024年第10期1888-1903,共16页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金(批准号:41925029);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号:42107024)资助项目。

摘　　要：细菌抗生素耐药性问题严重危害人类健康,寻求其有效阻控方法受广泛关注.微纳物质因其性能优越,常被用作细菌抗生素耐药性的阻控材料.但近年来,研究发现,其对细菌抗生素耐药性的形成与传播具有双刃效应.一方面,微纳物质及其复合材料可吸附或降解抗生素,进而有效阻控细菌抗生素耐药性的形成;其也可灭活抗生素耐药细菌、消减胞外抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)、去除细菌生物膜、降低抗生素抗性质粒生物有效性等,进而对细菌抗生素耐药性传播具有良好的阻控效果.然而,另一方面,部分微纳物质流入环境后,析出的金属离子对细菌产生了共筛选压力,其也会影响细菌的生长环境,进而促进了环境中抗生素耐药性的形成;此外,微纳物质也显著改变了ARGs宿主微生物的分布、提升了其丰度,同时促进了ARGs水平转移过程,进而加剧了环境中细菌抗生素耐药性的传播风险.未来应尝试利用微纳物质研发胞外ARGs污染控制相关技术,关注细菌对微纳物质的抵抗作用;同时,在研究细菌抗生素耐药性风险时,以更多种类的微纳物质为研究对象,并关注ARGs的转化与转导转移过程.该综述可为人们合理使用微纳物质控制细菌抗生素耐药性风险提供理论依据.Bacterial antibiotic resistance poses a threat to human health,and finding effective methods to address this concern has garnered attention globally.Micro/nanomaterials are often utilized owing to their superior properties in controlling bacterial antibiotic resistance.However,the effects of micro/nanomaterials on the formation and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance are twofold.First,micro/nanomaterials and their composites can adsorb and degrade antibiotics,effectively controlling the formation of antibiotic resistance.They can deactivate antibiotic-resistant bacteria,reduce extracellular antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),remove biofilms,and reduce the bioavailability of antibiotic-resistant plasmids,thereby inhibiting the spread of antibiotic resistance.Second,after entering the environment,some micro/nanomaterials release metal ions,which can induce coselection pressure on bacteria and further enhance antibiotic resistance in the environment.Moreover,these materials can alter the growth environment of bacteria,promoting the formation of antibiotic resistance.The materials alter the distribution of host bacteria carrying ARGs in the environment by increasing their abundances and facilitate the horizontal transfer of ARGs,thereby intensifying the risks associated with the spread of environmental antibiotic resistance.Future studies should focus on controlling extracellular ARGs through the application of micro/nanomaterials and exploring bacterial resistance to these materials.Furthermore,studies on the induced bacterial antibiotic resistance risks should consider various micro/nanomaterials and focus on the transformation and transduction of ARGs.This review can provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of micro/nanomaterials to combat antibiotic resistance.

关 键 词：微纳物质 细菌抗生素耐药性 阻控材料 抗生素 基因水平转移 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]