突触囊泡蛋白2A PET在神经退行性疾病中的应用  

Application of SV2A PET in neurodegenerative disorders

作　　者：陈大吉 江泓[1] CHEN DaJi;JIANG Hong(Department of Neurology,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院神经内科,长沙410008

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第11期2068-2078,共11页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：神经退行性疾病是由于神经元或其髓鞘渐进性退变而导致慢性进行性神经系统功能障碍的一大类疾病,常见疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等.新的检测技术对于神经退行性疾病的临床诊疗和病情评估意义重大.突触丢失是神经退行性疾病的重要病理改变之一,与疾病的发生发展关系密切,评估突触密度损失的区域分布和严重程度有助于对神经退行性疾病病理机制的理解.靶向突触囊泡蛋白2A(synaptic vesicle protein 2A,SV2A)的正电子发射断层扫描(positron emission tomography,PET)作为一种新兴的分子成像技术,提供了直接检测活体突触密度的方法,已被广泛应用于神经退行性疾病的临床研究,是目前最具前景的影像标志物之一.本综述系统总结了SV2A PET在神经退行性疾病中的应用现状,并对目前存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了探讨,旨在为后续该领域的研究提供参考.Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by progressive neuronal or myelin degeneration,leading to chronic dysfunction of the nervous system.Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are among the most prevalent examples.The advent of new techniques is crucial for the clinical diagnosis,treatment,and assessment of neurodegenerative diseases.Synaptic loss represents a pivotal pathological hallmark in these conditions,intricately linked to disease onset and progression.Evaluating the regional distribution and severity of synaptic density loss is instrumental in unraveling the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Positron emission tomography(PET)targeting synaptic vesicle protein 2A(SV2A)emerges as a new molecular imaging technique,offering a direct means to detect synaptic density in vivo.Its widespread application in clinical research on neurodegenerative diseases has positioned it as a leading imaging biomarker in this field.This review provides a comprehensive overview of SV2A PET’s current applications in neurodegenerative diseases,while also addressing the challenges and future directions.By synthesizing existing knowledge,this review aims to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors in this domain.

关 键 词：神经退行性疾病 突触密度 突触囊泡蛋白2A 正电子发射断层成像 影像标志物 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]